Focus of comparison as a determinant of assimilation versus contrast in social comparison
Focus of comparison as a determinant of assimilation versus contrast in social comparison
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DOI：
10.1177/0146167201271004
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Mussweiler, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mussweiler, T
以往关于自我-他人相似性判断的研究表明，自我与他人之间的相似性感知取决于比较的焦点。基于选择性可及性模型，该模型假设与相似他人的比较会产生同化，而与不同他人的比较会产生对比，作者假设社会比较的焦点会影响其结果。具体来说，将标准与自我进行比较（比较的焦点是他人-->自我）应该增加感知的相似性，以便自我评价被标准同化。然而，将自我与标准进行比较（比较的焦点是自我-->他人），应该会减少感知到的相似性，从而使对比增强。这种模式是在两项研究中获得的。此外，研究2表明，同化与对比的发生作为操纵比较焦点的结果是由与标准的感知相似性介导的。
Previous research on self-other similarity judgments has demonstrated that perceived similarity between self and other depends on the focus of comparison. Based on the Selective Accessibility model, which assumes that comparisons with similar others yield assimilation, whereas comparisons with dissimilar others yield contrast, the author hypothesized that the focus of a social comparison would influence its consequences. Specifically, comparing the Standard to the self (focus of comparison other --> self) should increase perceived similarity so that self-evaluations are assimilated to the standard. Comparing the self to the standard (focus of comparison self --> other), however, should reduce perceived similarity so that contrast ensues. This pattern was obtained in two studies. Moreover, Study 2 demonstrates that the occurrence of assimilation versus contrast as a consequence of manipulating the focus of comparison is mediated by the perceived similarity to the standard.