SYLVATIC PLAGUE STUDIES - THE VECTOR EFFICIENCY OF 9 SPECIES OF FLEAS COMPARED WITH XENOPSYLLA-CHEOPIS
SYLVATIC PLAGUE STUDIES - THE VECTOR EFFICIENCY OF 9 SPECIES OF FLEAS COMPARED WITH XENOPSYLLA-CHEOPIS
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DOI：
10.1017/s0022172400014042
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发表时间：
1947-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
BURROUGHS, AL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BURROUGHS, AL
10种在野外采集蚤类，除刺激蚤外，均在实验室进行了培养。当单个跳蚤以啮齿动物为食时，P. irritans和Oropsylla idahoensis不能传播鼠疫，但当它们一起使用时，它们确实传播鼠疫。实验室条件下矢量效率的顺序。条件为X。印鼠蚤（0.66传播/蚤）、带纹病蚤（0.213）、六齿圆尾蚤（0.17）、鼠尾后足蚤（Opisodasys nesiotus）、斑螟（Mega-bothris abantis）、Malaraeus telchininum和山菱蝗（Diamanus montanus Echidnophaga gallinacea）也是一种有能力的媒介，但实验1.由于这种昆虫的食性不同，结果没有可比性。跳蚤传播方法的重要性顺序为：（1）通过作为生物媒介的封闭跳蚤，（2）机械传播，（3）通过感染跳蚤或其粪便刮入皮肤，（4）通过摄入感染跳蚤。第3和第4种方法被认为是不重要的，但机械传播被认为是非常重要的，在一个流行病。有证据表明，一只感染（封闭）跳蚤的抗菌剂可能含有11，000至24，000个杆菌。感染性跳蚤咬伤后，立即从咬伤伤口周围的皮肤活检中几乎无法回收到微生物，并且感染性跳蚤产生的原发性感染被认为是菌血症。实验除D. montanus，但在2个实例中研究的菌株是从广泛分离的地理区域获得的。
Ten spp. of fleas were collected in the field, and, except for Pulex irritans, were cultivated in the lab. When individual fleas were fed on rodents, P. irritans and Oropsylla idahoensis failed to transmit plague, but they did transmit when used en masse. The order of vector efficiency under lab. conditions was X. cheopis (0.66 transmissions per flea), Nosopsyllus fasciatus (0.213), Orchopeas sexdentatus sexdentatus (0.17), Opisodasys nesiotus, Mega-bothris abantis, Malaraeus telchinum, and Diamanus montanus Echidnophaga gallinacea was also a capable vector, but the exptl. results were not comparable because of the insect''s different feeding habits. The order of importance of methods of transmission by fleas was (1) by the blocked flea serving as a biological vector, (2) mechanical transmission, (3) by the infected flea or its feces being scratched into the skin, and (4) by the ingestion of infected fleas. The 3d and 4th methods were considered of little importance, but mechanical transmission was thought to be of great importance during an epizootic. Evidence was obtained that the regurgitant of an infective (blocked) flea may contain 11,000 to 24,000 bacilli. Few organisms could be recovered from skin biopsied around a bite wound immediately after the infective flea had bit, and the primary infection produced by an infective flea was thought to be a bacteremia. Exptl. results agreed closely with those reported by previous workers, except in the case of D. montanus, but the strains which were studied in the 2 instances had been obtained from widely separated geographic areas.