Stressing the accuracy: Wrist-worn wearable sensor validation over different conditions
Stressing the accuracy: Wrist-worn wearable sensor validation over different conditions
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DOI：
10.1111/psyp.13441
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发表时间：
2019-07-23
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Sarlo, Michela
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Menghini, Luca;Gianfranchi, Evelyn;Sarlo, Michela
可穿戴传感器是进行心理生理学实验室和流动研究的有前途的仪器。然而，学者们应该意识到他们的测量误差和达到准确度的条件。本研究旨在评估用于研究目的的可穿戴传感器E4腕带的准确性（Empatica，Milan，意大利），在广泛用于应激反应性研究的五种实验室条件（坐位休息、节奏呼吸、直立、Stroop、言语任务）和两种生态条件（慢走、键盘打字）上测量心率（HR）、心率变异性（HRV）和皮肤电导（SC）。40名健康参与者同时佩戴腕带和两个金标准测量系统（即，心电图和手指SC传感器）。通过评价信号质量和与金标准衍生测量值的相关性以及Bland-Altman图来确定腕带准确度。此外，还进行了探索性分析，以评估测量误差的预测因素。平均HR测量在所有条件下均显示出最佳准确性。心率变异性测量结果表明，满意的准确性，坐着休息，节奏呼吸，恢复条件，但不是在动态条件下，包括发言。准确性降低了手腕的运动，认知和情绪压力，非平稳性，更大的手腕周长。腕关节SC测量结果与手指SC信号既无相关性，也无视觉相似性，表明这两个部位可能反映不同的现象。未来的研究需要评估腕关节SC对情绪和认知压力的反应性。实验室和门诊研究的局限性和影响进行了讨论。
Wearable sensors are promising instruments for conducting both laboratory and ambulatory research in psychophysiology. However, scholars should be aware of their measurement error and the conditions in which accuracy is achieved. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of a wearable sensor designed for research purposes, the E4 wristband (Empatica, Milan, Italy), in measuring heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and skin conductance (SC) over five laboratory conditions widely used in stress reactivity research (seated rest, paced breathing, orthostatic, Stroop, speech task) and two ecological conditions (slow walking, keyboard typing). Forty healthy participants concurrently wore the wristband and two gold standard measurement systems (i.e., electrocardiography and finger SC sensor). The wristband accuracy was determined by evaluating the signal quality and the correlations with and the Bland-Altman plots against gold standard-derived measurements. Moreover, exploratory analyses were performed to assess predictors of measurement error. Mean HR measures showed the best accuracy over all conditions. HRV measures showed satisfactory accuracy in seated rest, paced breathing, and recovery conditions but not in dynamic conditions, including speaking. Accuracy was diminished by wrist movements, cognitive and emotional stress, nonstationarity, and larger wrist circumferences. Wrist SC measures showed neither correlation nor visual resemblance with finger SC signal, suggesting that the two sites may reflect different phenomena. Future studies are needed to assess the responsivity of wrist SC to emotional and cognitive stress. Limitations and implications for laboratory and ambulatory research are discussed.