Substrate type and age are risk factors for gastrointestinal parasitism in greyhound kennels
Substrate type and age are risk factors for gastrointestinal parasitism in greyhound kennels
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.11.013
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Paul, Amanda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ash, Amanda;Lymbery, Alan;Paul, Amanda
在有利于维持寄生虫生命周期的环境中，控制寄生虫感染尤其具有挑战性，例如灰狗犬舍，长期繁殖和饲养狗是很常见的。胃肠道（GI）寄生虫在澳大利亚灰狗种群中的流行率从未被评估过，这严重限制了有效控制措施的实施。本研究的目的是确定澳大利亚灰狗胃肠道寄生虫的患病率和危险因素，识别可能对狗的健康和性能有害的寄生虫，并评估人畜共患疾病传播给犬舍工作人员的可能性。他们从澳大利亚五个州的狗舍中收集了721只灰狗的粪便样本；西澳大利亚、昆士兰、新南威尔士、维多利亚和塔斯马尼亚。从每个犬舍获得畜牧业和目前的寄生虫控制方案，并结合检测到的寄生虫水平进行分析。总体寄生虫流行率约为60%，各州之间从50%到70%不等。共鉴定出11种寄生虫，其中以肉囊虫、钩虫、贾第虫和弓形虫最为常见。广义线性混合模型分析发现，与寄生虫相关的主要风险因素有：a)狗所居住的基质类型；B)狗的年龄；c)地理区域。寄生最常与饲养在草/沙基质上的幼犬有关，这使得寄生虫的生命周期得以继续，可能的结果是不断的再感染。在这些环境中，常规的广谱驱虫药治疗不能提供有效的控制，建议采用替代的寄生虫控制策略。还确定了人畜共患寄生虫的重大风险，检测到的11种寄生虫属中有6种被认为是人畜共患的，而且养鸡场管理人员对人畜共患传播的了解很少。
The control of parasitic infections is particularly challenging in environments that are conducive to the maintenance of parasite lifecycles, such as the greyhound kennel, where the long-term breeding and rearing of dogs is common. The prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites within the Australian greyhound population has never previously been assessed, which seriously constrains the implementation of effective control measures. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and risk factors for GI parasites in Australian greyhounds, identify parasites which may be detrimental to the health and performance of dogs, and evaluate the likelihood of zoonotic transmission to kennel staff. Faecal samples were collected from 721 individual greyhounds situated in kennels across five states of Australia; Western Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. Animal husbandry and current parasite control protocols were obtained from each kennel and analysed in conjunction with the detected level of parasitism. Overall parasite prevalence was approximately 60%, ranging from 50 to 70% between states. Eleven parasite genera were identified, with Sarcocystis, hookworm, Giardia and Toxocara detected most frequently. Generalised linear mixed model analyses found the major risk factors associated with parasitism were: a) the type of substrate which dogs were housed; b) age of dogs; and c) geographic region. Parasitism was associated most frequently with young dogs housed on grass/sand substrates, which allowed parasite lifecycles to continue, with constant reinfection the likely outcome. Routine treatment with broad-spectrum anthelmintics did not provide effective control in these environments and the adoption of alternate parasite control strategies is recommended. A substantial risk from zoonotic parasites was also identified, with six of the eleven parasite genera detected considered to be zoonotic and a poor understanding of zoonotic transmission among kennel managers.