Oxygenation-Controlled Collective Dynamics in Aquatic Worm Blobs
Oxygenation-Controlled Collective Dynamics in Aquatic Worm Blobs
复制标题
水生蠕虫斑点中氧合控制的集体动力学
DOI：
10.1093/icb/icac089
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Bhamla, M. Saad
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tuazon, Harry;Kaufman, Emily;Goldman, Daniel I.;Bhamla, M. Saad
许多生物利用群体聚集作为生存的一种方法。淡水寡毛类，Lumbriculus variegatus（加州黑蠕虫）形成紧密缠绕的结构，或蠕虫“斑点”，已适应在极低水平的溶解氧（DO）中生存。个体黑蠕虫通过粘液体壁和后纤毛后肠呼吸来适应缺氧环境，后纤毛后肠在它们上方摆动。然而，集体行为在不同DO水平的变化是未知的。使用带流量的闭环呼吸计，我们发现在低溶解氧条件下的相对尾部到达活性通量比高溶解氧条件下的高1.75倍。此外，当流速增加以使蠕虫团块向上悬浮时，我们发现低DO中团块的平均暴露表面积是高DO中的1.4倍。此外，我们观察到出现时，蠕虫斑点暴露于极端的DO水平的紧急属性。我们证明，内部机械应力时，蠕虫斑点暴露于高DO水平，使他们能够从一个圆锥形容器的底部使用锯齿形的端部物理解除。我们的结果展示了蠕虫斑点中的集体行为和内部机械应力的紧急产生如何变化以适应不同的氧气水平。从工程的角度来看，这可以用来建模和模拟群体机器人，自组装结构或软材料缠绕。
Many organisms utilize group aggregation as a method for survival. The freshwater oligochaete,Lumbriculus variegatus(California blackworms) form tightly entangled structures, or worm “blobs”, that have adapted to survive in extremely low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO). Individual blackworms adapt to hypoxic environments through respiration via their mucous body wall and posterior ciliated hindgut, which they wave above them. However, the change in collective behavior at different levels of DO is not known. Using a closed-loop respirometer with flow, we discover that the relative tail reaching activity flux in low DO is ∼75x higher than in the high-DO condition. Additionally, when flow rate is increased to suspend the worm blobs upward, we find that the average exposed surface area of a blob in low DO is ∼1.4x higher than in high DO. Furthermore, we observe emergent properties that arise when a worm blob is exposed to extreme DO levels. We demonstrate that internal mechanical stress is generated when worm blobs are exposed to high DO levels, allowing them to be physically lifted off from the bottom of a conical container using a serrated endpiece. Our results demonstrate how both collective behavior and the emergent generation of internal mechanical stress in worm blobs change to accommodate differing levels of oxygen. From an engineering perspective, this could be used to model and simulate swarm robots, self-assembly structures, or soft material entanglements.