NATURAL-HISTORY AND DISTRIBUTION OF OCEANIC CTENOPHORES
NATURAL-HISTORY AND DISTRIBUTION OF OCEANIC CTENOPHORES
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DOI：
10.1016/0146-6291(78)90590-8
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发表时间：
1978-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
SWANBERG, NR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HARBISON, GR;MADIN, LP;SWANBERG, NR
海洋底栖动物在食性生物学上表现出很大的多样性，从只能吃小型桡足类的多角银鱼，到可以捕获和摄食小鱼和真鳍目的蛇颈鱼。塞迪皮达用触须捕捉猎物；洛巴塔的大多数使用触须和覆盖着粘液的口腔裂片。多角龙有精致的口腔裂片，可以独立发挥作用；结晶藻通过在其肌肉状的口腔裂片中诱捕猎物来取食，而不使用粘液或触角。这2个种。代表了龙虾摄食生物学中的极端。塞斯提达靠身体两侧的触须诱捕小猎物进食。Hyperiid的几个属的双足类与鞭毛虫关系密切，既是寄生虫又是捕食者。水母和杂足类以鞭毛虫为食。在过去3年进行的250次潜水中，约75%的潜水中遇到了大量的大洋鞭毛虫。从北大西洋和印度洋收集的数据表明，在公海的上层水域，鞭毛虫是重要的捕食者。由于这里讨论的大多数物种从未从浮游生物净收集中报告，它们构成了开放海洋生态系统中被忽视的一个组成部分。
Oceanic ctenophores show a great diversity in feeding biology, ranging from Leucothea multicornis, which can eat only small copepods, to Ocyropsis sp., which can capture and ingest small fish and euphausiids. The Cydippida capture prey with tentacles; most of the Lobata use tentacles and their mucus-covered oral lobes. L. multicornis has elaborate oral lobes, which can function independently; O. crystallina feeds by trapping prey in its muscular oral lobes, without use of mucus or tentacles. These 2 spp. represent extremes in the feeding biology of the Lobata. The Cestida feed by trapping small prey on tentacles that lie over the sides of the body. Several genera of hyperiid amphipods are closely associated with ctenophores, both as parasites and predators. Medusae and heteropods were seen feeding on ctenophores. Oceanic ctenophores, often in abundance, were encountered on about 75% of the 250 dives made in the past 3 yr. Collections from the North Atlantic and Indian oceans suggest that ctenophores are important predators in the upper waters of the open sea. Since most the species discussed herein are never reported from net plankton collections, they constitute an ignored component of the open ocean ecosystem.