A method for estimating colony sizes of Ad,lie penguins using remote sensing imagery
A method for estimating colony sizes of Ad,lie penguins using remote sensing imagery
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DOI：
10.1007/s00300-014-1451-8
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发表时间：
2014-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Ballard, G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LaRue, M. A.;Lynch, H. J.;Ballard, G.
卧企鹅是磷虾(Euphausia spp.)的重要天敌。南极银鱼是南大洋生态系统状况的一个关键指标，因此是南极海洋生物资源保护委员会生态系统监测方案的重点物种。有能力监测可能受南大洋渔业影响的物种的种群数量，即长尾企鹅，对于有效管理这些资源至关重要。然而，由于几个原因，在南极洲周围的许多地方，直接估计种群数量是不可能的。在这项研究中，我们结合高分辨率(0.6m)卫星图像和监督分类中的频谱分析来估计沿维多利亚陆地、罗斯海和南极半岛的Ad，Lie企鹅繁殖群体的大小。利用卫星图像和同时的地面计数，我们拟合了一个带有泊松误差的广义线性混合模型，以预测繁殖对的丰度作为卫星图像中确定的当年鸟粪染色面积的函数。鸟粪覆盖的区域被证明是居住在其中的企鹅数量的有效替代。我们的模型提供了一种稳健的、定量的机制来估计图像中捕捉到的蜂群的繁殖种群大小，并将地形坡度确定为影响表观筑巢密度的重要组成部分。虽然我们的高分辨率卫星图像技术是为Ad，Lie企鹅开发的，但这些原理可以直接转移到其他群居筑巢的海鸟和在固定地点聚集的其他物种。
Ad,lie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) are important predators of krill (Euphausia spp.) and Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica) during summer, are a key indicator of the status of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, and are therefore a focal species for the Committee for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) Ecosystem Monitoring Program. The ability to monitor the population size of species potentially affected by Southern Ocean fisheries, i.e., the Ad,lie penguin, is critical for effective management of those resources. However, for several reasons, direct estimates of population size are not possible in many locations around Antarctica. In this study, we combine high-resolution (0.6 m) satellite imagery with spectral analysis in a supervised classification to estimate the sizes of Ad,lie penguin breeding colonies along Victoria Land in the Ross Sea and on the Antarctic Peninsula. Using satellite images paired with concurrent ground counts, we fit a generalized linear mixed model with Poisson errors to predict the abundance of breeding pairs as a function of the area of current-year guano staining identified in the satellite imagery. Guano-covered area proved to be an effective proxy for the number of penguins residing within. Our model provides a robust, quantitative mechanism for estimating the breeding population size of colonies captured in imagery and identifies terrain slope as a significant component influencing apparent nesting density. While our high-resolution satellite imagery technique was developed for the Ad,lie penguin, these principles are directly transferrable to other colonially nesting seabirds and other species that aggregate in fixed localities.