Recent progress in understanding larval dispersal: new directions and digressions
Recent progress in understanding larval dispersal: new directions and digressions
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DOI：
10.1093/icb/icj024
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Levin, Lisa A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levin, Lisa A.
幼虫很难研究，因为它们的小尺寸限制了我们理解它们的行为和它们所经历的环境的能力。关于幼虫运输的问题主要集中在(a)它们去哪里（分散）和(b)它们从哪里来（连接）。近几十年来，人们对输送机制进行了深入的研究。随着我们识别幼虫来源能力的发展，连通性的后果正在得到更多的考虑。在过去的十年中，人们对交通和连通性问题的关注急剧增加，这主要是由于动机的变化，现在包括渔业资源的管理、对入侵物种传播的了解、通过设计海洋保护区进行保护以及预测气候变化的影响。目前的进展既包括技术进步，也包括学科和方法的整合。本文综述了从物理建模、化学跟踪和遗传方法中获得的见解。我考虑的是新发现如何在以下方面激发范式转变：(1)生活史后果；(2)海洋种群开放性、自我招募性和种群连通性；(3)行为的作用；(4)时空变异的意义。未来面临的挑战将是将解决短期（代际）时间尺度上的分散问题的方法（如元素指纹和数值模拟）与反映较长时间尺度的方法（如基因流估计和人口模型）相结合。认识和处理生态和进化时间尺度之间的连续体对于促进对幼虫和种群动态的机制理解是必要的。
Larvae have been difficult to study because their small size limits our ability to understand their behavior and the conditions they experience. Questions about larval transport focus largely on (a) where they go [dispersal] and (b) where they come from [connectivity]. Mechanisms of transport have been intensively studied in recent decades. As our ability to identify larval sources develops, the consequences of connectivity are garnering more consideration. Attention to transport and connectivity issues has increased dramatically in the past decade, fueled by changing motivations that now include management of fisheries resources, understanding of the spread of invasive species, conservation through the design of marine reserves, and prediction of climate-change effects. Current progress involves both technological advances and the integration of disciplines and approaches. This review focuses on insights gained from physical modeling, chemical tracking, and genetic approaches. I consider how new findings are motivating paradigm shifts concerning (1) life-history consequences; (2) the openness of marine populations, self-recruitment, and population connectivity; (3) the role of behavior; and (4) the significance of variability in space and time. A challenge for the future will be to integrate methods that address dispersal on short (intragenerational) timescales such as elemental fingerprinting and numerical simulations with those that reflect longer timescales such as gene flow estimates and demographic modeling. Recognition and treatment of the continuum between ecological and evolutionary timescales will be necessary to advance the mechanistic understanding of larval and population dynamics.