The interplay between intestinal bacteria and host metabolism in health and disease: lessons from Drosophila melanogaster.
The interplay between intestinal bacteria and host metabolism in health and disease: lessons from Drosophila melanogaster.
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DOI：
10.1242/dmm.023408
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发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Watnick PI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wong AC;Vanhove AS;Watnick PI
所有高等生物体都与它们的共生微生物谈判休战，并每天与病原微生物作斗争。天然免疫系统在控制肠道微生物中的作用以及肠道微生物用来克服宿主免疫反应的策略受到了极大的关注。然而，越来越清楚的是，肠道微生物和它们的宿主的新陈代谢是相互联系的，这种相互作用对宿主的健康和福祉同样重要。例如，一个人的共生微生物阵列可以影响他们对糖尿病和肥胖症等慢性代谢性疾病的易感性。更好地了解宿主-微生物代谢相互作用对于确定这些疾病的分子基础很重要，并可能导致新的治疗途径。利用黑腹果蝇在这一领域取得了关键进展。在这里，我们回顾了探索共生和致病肠道微生物对果蝇碳水化合物和脂肪代谢的影响的研究。这些研究有助于阐明肠道微生物产生的代谢物，感知这些代谢物的肠道受体，以及这些代谢物操纵宿主代谢的信号通路。此外，他们认为，以微生物代谢为靶点可能是治疗人类代谢性疾病和肠道感染的有效策略。果蝇收藏：黑腹果蝇是解剖肠道微生物对宿主代谢影响的理想宿主。
All higher organisms negotiate a truce with their commensal microbes and battle pathogenic microbes on a daily basis. Much attention has been given to the role of the innate immune system in controlling intestinal microbes and to the strategies used by intestinal microbes to overcome the host immune response. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the metabolisms of intestinal microbes and their hosts are linked and that this interaction is equally important for host health and well-being. For instance, an individual's array of commensal microbes can influence their predisposition to chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. A better understanding of host–microbe metabolic interactions is important in defining the molecular bases of these disorders and could potentially lead to new therapeutic avenues. Key advances in this area have been made using Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we review studies that have explored the impact of both commensal and pathogenic intestinal microbes on Drosophila carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. These studies have helped to elucidate the metabolites produced by intestinal microbes, the intestinal receptors that sense these metabolites, and the signaling pathways through which these metabolites manipulate host metabolism. Furthermore, they suggest that targeting microbial metabolism could represent an effective therapeutic strategy for human metabolic diseases and intestinal infection. Drosophila Collection: Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal host in which to dissect the impact of intestinal microbes on host metabolism.