Bioinformatics for the Masses: The Need for Practical Data Science in Undergraduate Biology.
Bioinformatics for the Masses: The Need for Practical Data Science in Undergraduate Biology.
复制标题
大众生物信息学：本科生生物学对实用数据科学的需求。
DOI：
10.1089/omi.2019.0080
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Todd M. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Porter;Todd M. Smith
在过去的十年里，大数据的曙光将科学创新的瓶颈从数据生成转移到了数据分析和情境化。越来越多的生物技术和制药公司，更不用说学术和政府研究机构，依靠高通量数据分析和组学技术来实现对生物学的系统级理解，从而将大数据转化为增值的科学创新。最新的组学领域，如宏基因组学和微生物组学，以及多组学技术平台，旨在对基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学以及多个生物体的数据流进行三角测量和整合。毫不奇怪，在这种快速技术创新和数据分析和科学知识指数增长的环境下，生物信息学教育正在不断变化。生物信息学也与数据科学、人工智能和医疗保健自动化相融合。特别是，物联网（IoT）的出现促进了生物信息学与数据科学的结合，从而将生物信息学牢牢地推向了人口老龄化家庭医疗保健、行业研发计划、本科和研究生生物学教育以及智能工厂的中心，以期实时优化与科学产品相关的制造和零售服务（Borelli et al., 2019）。这些变化也为新的就业机会创造了前景。公立和私立教育机构需要通过发展混合形式的生物信息学奖学金来适应这些变化，这些奖学金可以通过跨学科课程迅速解决当前的知识差距。这将确保未来的生命科学毕业生能够找到有意义的工作，并将具备解释和利用生物信息学数据以及操作各种类型的生物信息学软件的能力。总而言之，科学和生物教育的这些前景和挑战要求向大众提供生物信息学，特别是在高中和本科生物教育水平上的“上游”教学倡议和干预。在最新的生物信息学奖学金中学习的本科生物学校友将很好地准备继续接受研究生教育，并积极地改变生物学和科学工作的未来。
The dawn of Big Data has shifted scientific innovation bottlenecks from data generation to data analysis and contextualization for the past decade. A growing number of biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, not to mention academic and government research institutions, rely on high-throughput data analysis and omics technologies to achieve a system-level understanding of biology and thus translate Big Data to value-added scientific innovation. The latest omics fields such as metagenomics and microbiome science, and multiomics technology platforms aim to triangulate and integrate data streams from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, and across multiple organisms. Not surprisingly, bioinformatics education is in flux in this climate of rapid technology innovation and exponential growth in data analyses and scientific lore. Bioinformatics is also converging with data science, artificial intelligence, and automation in health care. In particular, the coalescence of bioinformatics with data science is being facilitated by the advent of the Internet of things (IoT), thus bringing bioinformatics firmly to the epicenter of home health care for an aging population, industry research and development programs, undergraduate and graduate biology education, and smart factories with a view to real-time optimization of manufacturing and retail services related to scientific products (Borelli et al., 2019). These changes are also creating prospects for novel employment opportunities. Public and private educational institutions need to adapt to these changes by developing hybrid forms of scholarship in bioinformatics that can swiftly address current knowledge gaps through interdisciplinary curriculum. This would ensure that future life science graduates can find meaningful employment, and will be equipped to interpret and harness bioinformatics data and operate diverse types of bioinformatics software.All in all, these prospects and challenges in science and biology education call for delivering bioinformatics to the masses, particularly with ‘‘upstream’’teaching initiatives and interventions at the level of both high school and undergraduate biology education. Undergraduate biology alumni schooled in the latest bioinformatics scholarship would be well poised to pursue further graduate education and positively transform the future of biology and science work force as well.