ASSOCIATION BY MALE CHIMPANZEES: A SOCIAL TACTIC?
ASSOCIATION BY MALE CHIMPANZEES: A SOCIAL TACTIC?
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雄性黑猩猩的交往：一种社交策略？
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Newton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Newton
黑猩猩面临的最基本的选择可能是是否与谁交往，这些选择受到潜在的交往伙伴做出的类似决定的约束和依赖。虽然许多研究都集中在生态因素对临时性群体规模的影响上，但黑猩猩，尤其是雄性黑猩猩，似乎是为了获得社会利益而结成群体的，而这些利益取决于这些群体的特定组成。本文探讨了社会决定因素的协会模式的雄性黑猩猩，成员的松索社区在布东戈森林保护区，乌干达西部。雄性黑猩猩表现出明显的偏好协会的合作伙伴，这些合作伙伴有强烈的倾向，在小党。二人组内的关联强度占政党规模方差的很大一部分[所有政党均包含男性：r2 = 0.30;仅男性政党：r2 = 0.24（所有二人组），r2 = 0 . 50（仅具有正关联的二分体）]。这些结果支持了这一假设，即协会是战术决策的结果，并驳斥了替代假设的预测：随机和被动（独立的吸引力相同的位置，如果树）协会。进一步支持的战术关联假说提供了观察，男性之间的关联是灵活的，协会模式解决到替代协会的战略，随着时间的推移与一些男性之间的战略转变。骑自行车的女性的存在影响党的规模，这增加了与存在的数量。成年男性在一个党的数量也更大时，骑自行车的女性存在，虽然仍然相似，无论是一个，两个，三个或四个这样的女性在党。然而，包含两名以上骑自行车女性的缔约方的样本量很低。有人建议，马基雅维利灵长类动物在裂变融合的社会系统，需要作出决定，有关协会合作伙伴的认知要求，可能是一个重要的，经常使用的，功能的智能表现出圈养黑猩猩。
Whether and with whom to associate are possibly some of the most fundamental of choices faced by a chimpanzee, choices constrained by and dependent upon similar decisions made by potential association partners. Although much work has focused on the impact of ecological factors on the size of the temporary associations, or parties, it seems that chimpanzees, especially the males, form parties to gain social benefits, and that these benefits are dependent the particular composition of these parties. This paper examines the social determinates of the association patterns of male chimpanzees, members of the Sonso community in the Budongo Forest Reserve, western Uganda. Male chimpanzees showed clear preferences for association partners, and these partners had a strong tendency to associate in small parties. Strength of association within dyads accounted for a significant fraction of the variance in party size [all parties containing males: r2 = 0.30; male parties only: r2 = 0.24 (all dyads), r2 = 0 . 50 (dyads with positive associations only)]. These results supported the hypothesis that association was the result of tactical decisions, and refuted predictions of alternate hypotheses: random and passive (independent attraction to the same locations, such as fruiting trees) association. Further support for the tactical association hypothesis was provided by observations that association between males was flexible and that association patterns resolved into alternative association strategies, with some males shifting between strategies over time. The presence of cycling females influenced party size, which increased with the number present. The number of adult males in a party was also greater when cycling females were present, although remained similar whether one, two, three or four such females were in the party. Samples sizes for parties containing more than two cycling females were low, however. It is suggested that, for a Machiavellian primate in fission-fusion social system, the need to make decisions concerning association partners is cognitively demanding and may be an important, frequently used, function of the intelligence demonstrated by captive chimpanzees.