Anticipated Stigma, Stereotypes, and COVID-19 Testing
Anticipated Stigma, Stereotypes, and COVID-19 Testing
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DOI：
10.1037/sah0000255
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Fox, Annie B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Earnshaw, Valerie A.;Brousseau, Natalie M.;Fox, Annie B.
COVID-19检测对于识别、追踪和治疗COVID-19病例以及为政策决策提供信息非常重要。来自其他疾病流行的证据表明，预期的耻辱和陈规定型观念是疾病检测的障碍。由于避免贴标签（即，努力避免被贴上污名化的标签）和陈规定型观念可能会削弱人们对疾病的感知，从而损害检测。鉴于扩大COVID-19检测的重要性，目前的研究探讨了预期的耻辱和刻板印象在COVID-19检测中的潜在作用。2020年4月对845名美国成年人进行了一项跨部门在线调查。研究人员根据之前对传染病相关污名化的研究调整了测量方法，并询问参与者如果医生要求他们进行COVID-19检测，他们是否会寻求COVID-19检测。分析表明，预期COVID-19会带来更大耻辱感并在更大程度上认可COVID-19刻板印象的参与者报告说，他们寻求COVID-19检测的可能性较小。值得注意的是，预期的耻辱和陈规定型观念的认可率很低，知识和恐惧是比耻辱更强的检测预测因素。尽管如此，研究结果提供了初步证据，表明与其他疾病类似，预期的耻辱和刻板印象可能是COVID-19背景下检测的障碍。随着COVID-19检测变得更加广泛，可能需要努力解决COVID-19耻辱以及其他障碍，如获取和知识，以最大限度地提高检测工作。
Testing for COVID-19 is important for identifying, tracing, and treating COVID-19 cases as well as informing policy decisions. Evidence from other disease epidemics suggests that anticipated stigma and stereotypes are barriers to testing for disease. Anticipated stigma may undermine testing due to labeling avoidance (i.e., efforts to avoid receiving the label of a stigmatized status) and stereotypes may undermine testing by reducing perceived vulnerability to disease. Given the importance of scaling up COVID-19 testing, the current study explored the potential roles of anticipated stigma and stereotypes in COVID-19 testing. A cross-sectional, online survey was conducted with 845 United States adults in April 2020. Measures were adapted from previous studies of stigma associated with infectious diseases, and participants were asked about the likelihood that they would seek a COVID-19 test if one were to be ordered by their doctor. Analyses demonstrated that participants who anticipated greater COVID-19 stigma and endorsed COVID-19 stereotypes to a greater degree reported that they would be less likely to seek a COVID-19 test. Notably, endorsement of anticipated stigma and stereotypes was low, and knowledge and fear were stronger predictors of testing than stigma. Nonetheless, results provide preliminary evidence that anticipated stigma and stereotypes may represent barriers to testing in the context of COVID-19, similar to other diseases. As COVID-19 tests become more widely available, efforts may be needed to address COVID-19 stigma alongside other barriers such as access and knowledge to maximize testing efforts.