Effectiveness of helmets in skiers and snowboarders: case-control and case crossover study
Effectiveness of helmets in skiers and snowboarders: case-control and case crossover study
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DOI：
10.1136/bmj.38314.480035.7c
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发表时间：
2005-02-05
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Robitaille, Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hagel, BE;Pless, IB;Robitaille, Y
目的探讨头盔油对滑雪、单板运动员头颈部损伤风险的影响。设计匹配的病例对照和病例交叉研究。2001年11月至2002年4月在加拿大魁北克省设置了19个sk区域。参与者1082名滑雪者和单板滑雪者（病例）头部和颈部受伤，由滑雪巡逻队报告，3295名滑雪者和单板滑雪者（对照组）非头部或颈部受伤，与每个山上的病例相匹配。主要结局指标头盔使用对任何头部或颈部损伤风险的影响以及需要救护车疏散的人员的匹配优势比的估计。结果任何头部损伤的参与者使用头盔的调整优势比为0.71(95%可信区间为0.55 ~ 0.92)，表明头部损伤的风险降低了29%。对于头部受伤需要救护车疏散的参与者，头盔使用的调整优势比为0.44（0.24至0.81）。病例交叉设计也出现了类似的结果（优势比0.43,0.09 ~ 1.83）。颈部受伤的参与者使用头盔的调整优势比为0.62(0.33至1.19)，颈部受伤需要救护车疏散的参与者的调整优势比为1.29（0.41至4.04）。结论头盔对滑雪者和单板滑雪者的头部损伤有保护作用。我们不能排除使用头盔增加颈部损伤风险的可能性，但这一假设所依据的估计是不精确的。
Objective To determine the effect of helmets oil the risk of head and neck injuries in skiers and snowboarders.Design Matched case-control and case crossover Study.Setting 19 sk areas in Quebec, Canada, November 2001 to April 2002.Participants 1082 skiers and snowboarders (cases) with head and neck injuries reported by the ski patrol and 3295 skiers and snowboarders (controls) with non-head or ion-neck injuries matched to cases at each hill.Main outcome measures Estimates of matched odds ratios for the effect of helmet use on the risk of any head or neck injury and for people requiring evacuation by ambulance.Results The adjusted odds ratio for helmet use in participants with any head injury was 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.55 to 0.92), indicating a 29% reduction in the risk of head injury. For participants who required evacuation by ambulance for head injuries, the adjusted odds ratio for helmet use was 0.44 (0.24 to 0.81). Similar results occurred with the case crossover design (odds ratio 0.43, 0.09 to 1.83). The adjusted odds ratio for helmet use for participants with any neck injury was 0.62 (0.33 to 1.19) and for participants who required evacuation by ambulance for neck injuries it was 1.29 (0.41 to 4.04).Conclusions Helmets protect skiers and snowboarders against head injuries. We cannot rule out the possibility of an increased risk of neck injury with helmet use, but the estimates on which this assumption is based are imprecise.