Ample Arsenite Bio-Oxidation Activity in Bangladesh Drinking Water Wells: A Bonanza for Bioremediation?
Ample Arsenite Bio-Oxidation Activity in Bangladesh Drinking Water Wells: A Bonanza for Bioremediation?
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DOI：
10.3390/microorganisms7080246
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Westerhoff, Hans, V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hassan, Zahid;Sultana, Munawar;Westerhoff, Hans, V
全世界有数百万人因饮用水而面临砷中毒的风险。在孟加拉国，这个问题延伸到农村饮用水威尔斯井，非生物解决办法在那里不可行。在系列富集文化的水从各种孟加拉国饮用水威尔斯，我们发现转移持久的亚砷酸盐氧化活性在四种条件下（好氧/厌氧，异养/自养）。这表明生物去污可能有助于改善问题。富集的微生物群落在遗传学上至少与未富集的群落一样多样：它们含有丰富的16 S rRNA基因序列。这些与噬氢菌属、不动杆菌属、脱氯单胞菌属、丛毛单胞菌属和根瘤菌属/土壤杆菌属物种有关。此外，富集的微生物组含有与化能无机自养的亚砷酸盐氧化酶（aioA）基因高度相似的基因（例如，SY）和异养亚砷酸盐氧化菌株。富集培养物还含有在来自相同威尔斯的未培养样品的先前调查中未检测到的aioA β型。厌氧富集揭示了更广泛的多样性的亚砷酸盐氧化aioA型比有氧富集。可培养的化能无机自养和异养亚砷酸盐氧化剂对于未来的原位或异位砷生物修复技术具有极大的兴趣，所述生物修复技术用于通过将亚砷酸盐氧化成砷酸盐来解毒饮用水，所述砷酸盐然后应当与铁氧化物沉淀。这种技术所需的微生物活性似乎是存在的、可验证的、多样的，因此是强大的。
Millions of people worldwide are at risk of arsenic poisoning from their drinking water. In Bangladesh the problem extends to rural drinking water wells, where non-biological solutions are not feasible. In serial enrichment cultures of water from various Bangladesh drinking water wells, we found transfer-persistent arsenite oxidation activity under four conditions (aerobic/anaerobic; heterotrophic/autotrophic). This suggests that biological decontamination may help ameliorate the problem. The enriched microbial communities were phylogenetically at least as diverse as the unenriched communities: they contained a bonanza of 16S rRNA gene sequences. These related to Hydrogenophaga, Acinetobacter, Dechloromonas, Comamonas, and Rhizobium/Agrobacterium species. In addition, the enriched microbiomes contained genes highly similar to the arsenite oxidase (aioA) gene of chemolithoautotrophic (e.g., Paracoccus sp. SY) and heterotrophic arsenite-oxidizing strains. The enriched cultures also contained aioA phylotypes not detected in the previous survey of uncultivated samples from the same wells. Anaerobic enrichments disclosed a wider diversity of arsenite oxidizing aioA phylotypes than did aerobic enrichments. The cultivatable chemolithoautotrophic and heterotrophic arsenite oxidizers are of great interest for future in or ex-situ arsenic bioremediation technologies for the detoxification of drinking water by oxidizing arsenite to arsenate that should then precipitates with iron oxides. The microbial activities required for such a technology seem present, amplifiable, diverse and hence robust.