Social inclusion and local practices of belonging
Social inclusion and local practices of belonging
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DOI：
10.5130/ccs.v1i3.1080
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Garbutt, Rob
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garbutt, Rob
社会包容通常通过空间隐喻来概念化，空间隐喻为社会划定界限，产生被包容和被排斥的人。本文主张对社会进行关系性理解，其中所有人都不同程度地涉及到使个人和群体享有特权和处于不利地位的实践和结构。这意味着社会包容政策需要一种方法，制定减少排斥的计划，同时解决社会排斥的做法和规范。本文的重点是社会包容的一个方面：实现归属感，特别是在日常、地方层面。日常意义上的归属感可以被认为是通过日常实践实现的一个持续的项目，而不仅仅是作为一个群体的成员。虽然许多这样的做法，例如定期参加团队运动，是建立和维持归属感的公认方式，但对于社区中的其他人来说，归属感的做法可能需要破坏或至少扩大一个人的归属感的既定规范。为了奠定对包容性和归属感的讨论的基础，本文借鉴了区域社区的归属感实践。既定的归属规范是通过“成为当地人”的理念来检验的，这是一种似乎基于成员资格的归属方式。然后本文转向两个当地项目，这些项目打破了当地会员的排他性界限，并试图建立新的、包容性的归属感实践。总之，我们对社会包容中的“社会”和当地人中的“当地社区”的界限进行了比较，以论证在政策辩论和计划制定中纳入对社会包容的相关理解的重要性。
Social inclusion is often conceptualised through a spatial metaphor which places boundaries on society, yielding the included and excluded. This paper argues for a relational understanding of society, in which all are implicated to varying degrees in practices and structures that privilege and disadvantage individuals and groups. The implication is that social inclusion policy requires an approach that develops programs that reduce exclusion while also addressing practices and norms that socially exclude.The focus of the paper is one aspect of social inclusion: achieving a sense of belonging, particularly at the everyday, local level. Belonging in this everyday sense can be thought of as an ongoing project achieved through everyday practices, rather than solely in terms of membership of a group. While many such practices, for example regularly engaging in team sports, are accepted ways of establishing and maintaining belonging, for others in a community practices of belonging may necessitate disrupting or at least broadening the established norms of how one belongs.To ground this discussion of inclusion and belonging, this paper draws on practices of belonging in a regional community. Established norms of belonging are examined through the idea of 'being a local', a way of belonging that appears to be based on membership. The paper then turns to two local projects which disrupt the exclusive bounds of local membership and attempt to establish new and inclusive practices of belonging. To conclude, parallels are drawn between the boundaries which define 'the social' in social inclusion and 'the local community' in being a local, to argue for the importance of including relational understandings of social inclusion in policy debates and program formulation.