Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners
Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners
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DOI：
10.1038/nature08723
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发表时间：
2010-01-28
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Pitsiladis, Yannis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lieberman, Daniel E.;Venkadesan, Madhusudhan;Pitsiladis, Yannis
人类进行耐力跑步已有数百万年的历史，但现代跑鞋直到20世纪70年代才发明出来。在人类进化史上的大部分时间里，跑步者要么赤脚，要么穿着最小的鞋子，比如凉鞋或鹿皮鞋，与现代跑鞋相比，鞋跟更小，缓冲更少。我们想知道，在现代跑鞋发明之前，跑步者是如何应对脚与地面碰撞造成的冲击的。这里我们展示了习惯性赤脚耐力跑者通常在脚后跟着地之前用前脚着地（前脚着地），但他们有时会用平脚着地（中脚着地），或者更少地用脚后跟着地（后脚着地）。相比之下，习惯穿鞋的跑步者大多是后脚着地，这是由现代跑鞋的增高和缓冲后跟促进的。运动学和动力学分析表明，即使在坚硬的地面上，赤脚跑步者前脚着地产生的撞击力也比穿鞋后脚着地产生的撞击力小。这种差异主要是由于在着地时脚掌更弯曲，而在撞击时踝关节更柔顺，从而减少了身体与地面碰撞时的有效质量。当人们赤脚跑步或穿着极少的鞋子跑步时，前脚和中脚着地的步态可能更常见，并且可能保护脚和下肢免受现在高比例跑步者所经历的一些与撞击相关的伤害。
Humans have engaged in endurance running for millions of years(1), but the modern running shoe was not invented until the 1970s. For most of human evolutionary history, runners were either barefoot or wore minimal footwear such as sandals or moccasins with smaller heels and little cushioning relative to modern running shoes. We wondered how runners coped with the impact caused by the foot colliding with the ground before the invention of the modern shoe. Here we show that habitually barefoot endurance runners often land on the fore-foot (fore-foot strike) before bringing down the heel, but they sometimes land with a flat foot (mid-foot strike) or, less often, on the heel (rear-foot strike). In contrast, habitually shod runners mostly rear-foot strike, facilitated by the elevated and cushioned heel of the modern running shoe. Kinematic and kinetic analyses show that even on hard surfaces, barefoot runners who fore-foot strike generate smaller collision forces than shod rear-foot strikers. This difference results primarily from a more plantarflexed foot at landing and more ankle compliance during impact, decreasing the effective mass of the body that collides with the ground. Fore-foot-and mid-foot-strike gaits were probably more common when humans ran barefoot or in minimal shoes, and may protect the feet and lower limbs from some of the impact-related injuries now experienced by a high percentage of runners.