Mirach’s Goblin: Discovery of a dwarf spheroidal galaxy behind the Andromeda galaxy

Mirach’s Goblin: Discovery of a dwarf spheroidal galaxy behind the Andromeda galaxy
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米拉赫妖精:仙女座星系背后的矮椭球星系的发现

DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361/201833302
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
6.5
通讯作者:
Haynes, Martha P.
Haynes, Martha P.
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Martínez-Delgado, David;Grebel, Eva K.;Javanmardi, Behnam;Boschin, Walter;Longeard, Nicolas;Carballo-Bello, Julio A.;Makarov, Dmitry;Beasley, Michael A.;Donatiello, Giuseppe;Haynes, Martha P.

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背景对星系形成理论来说,对局域体积中的矮星系(包括卫星星系和孤立星系)的数量和属性进行全面清查具有广泛的意义。目的利用小型业余望远镜在广阔的天空区域进行超深成像,可以帮助完成对这些迄今为止未知的低表面亮度星系的普查,这些星系无法通过当前的恒星种群和HI巡天探测到。我们在业余望远镜拍摄的深度图像中报告了多纳蒂罗 I 的发现,这是一个距离米拉赫 (βAnd) 恒星 1 度的矮椭球星系。方法通过加那利大望远镜(西班牙拉帕尔马)的后续观测获得的颜色星等图(CMD)显示,该系统超出了本地星系团,主要由老恒星组成。 ALFALFA 调查中缺乏年轻恒星和 HI 发射,这是猝灭矮星系的典型特征。我们的光度测量表明该星系的距离模数为 (m−M) = 27.6 ± 0.2 (3.3 Mpc),尽管由于 CMD 中的拥挤效应,这个距离还不能确定。在这个距离上,Donatiello I 的绝对星等(MV= −8.3)、表面亮度(μV= 26.5 mag arcsec−2)和恒星含量与“经典”银河系伴星天龙座或小熊座相似。结果Donatiello I 的投影位置和距离与该天体是距离最近的 S0 型星系 NGC 404 的矮卫星(“Mirach 的”)一致。鬼”)。或者,它可能是迄今为止报道的最孤立的猝灭矮星系之一,远远落后于仙女座星系。
ContextIt is of broad interest for galaxy formation theory to carry out a full inventory of the numbers and properties of dwarf galaxies, both satellite and isolated, in the Local Volume.AimsUltra-deep imaging in wide areas of the sky with small amateur telescopes can help to complete the census of these hitherto unknown low-surface-brightness galaxies, which cannot be detected by the current resolved stellar population and HI surveys. We report the discovery of Donatiello I, a dwarf spheroidal galaxy located one degree from the star Mirach (βAnd) in a deep image taken with an amateur telescope.MethodsThe color-magnitude diagram (CMD) obtained from follow-up observations obtained with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (La Palma, Spain) reveals that this system is beyond the local group and is mainly composed of old stars. The absence of young stars and HI emission in the ALFALFA survey is typical of quenched dwarf galaxies. Our photometry suggests a distance modulus for this galaxy of (m−M) = 27.6 ± 0.2 (3.3 Mpc), although this distance cannot yet be established securely owing to the crowding effects in our CMD. At this distance, the absolute magnitude (MV= −8.3), surface brightness (μV= 26.5 mag arcsec−2), and stellar content of Donatiello I are similar to the “classical” Milky Way companions Draco or Ursa Minor.ResultsThe projected position and distance of Donatiello I are consistent with this object being a dwarf satellite of the closest S0-type galaxy NGC 404 (“Mirach’s Ghost”). Alternatively, it could be one of the most isolated quenched dwarf galaxies reported so far behind the Andromeda galaxy.
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