First in situ passive acoustic monitoring for marine mammals during operation of a tidal turbine in Ramsey Sound, Wales
First in situ passive acoustic monitoring for marine mammals during operation of a tidal turbine in Ramsey Sound, Wales
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DOI：
10.3354/meps12467
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发表时间：
2018-03-12
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Sparling, Carol E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Malinka, Chloe E.;Gillespie, Douglas M.;Sparling, Carol E.
海洋可再生能源的开发引起了对野生动物影响的关切，因此往往需要进行环境监测。我们检查了3个月的连续被动声监测（PAM）数据收集在潮汐能源有限公司三角洲流涡轮机部署在拉姆齐湾，英国。我们的目的是评估的PAM系统在操作涡轮机的性能，描述的3D运动和行为的小鲸类动物在附近的涡轮机，并对时间和环境变量的检测率的变化模型。PAM系统的设计目的是在涡轮机半径约100米的范围内，通过鼠海豚和海豚的发声，对它们进行声学探测、分类和跟踪。总的来说，从点击检测中确定了247个小型鲸目动物的遭遇，这也被用来重建鼠海豚和海豚的空间运动，包括接近涡轮机。并非所有的水听器都能正常工作，这限制了定位海豚点击的能力;在20米左右的范围内，检测和定位点击的概率下降了50%。涡轮机上的机械声可能提醒了鲸类它的存在。在检查声学检测模式的模型中，潮汐状态、一天中的时间、低低频噪声水平和月相最好地解释了鼠海豚的声学存在。涡轮机运行的有限持续时间产生的数据不足以了解涡轮机旋转对动物存在和涡轮机附近运动的影响。这是第一次描述小鲸类动物的行为和移动周围的潮汐涡轮机，我们提出了建议，如何PAM可以用来改善环境监测在未来的潮汐能网站。
The development of marine renewables has raised concerns regarding impacts on wildlife, and environmental monitoring is often required. We examined 3 mo of continuous passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data collected at the Tidal Energy Ltd. DeltaStream turbine deployment in Ramsey Sound, UK. We aimed to assess the performance of the PAM system at an operational turbine, describe the 3D movements and behaviours of small cetaceans in the vicinity of the turbine, and model changes in detection rates against temporal and environmental variables. The PAM system was designed to acoustically detect, classify and track porpoises and dolphins via their vocalisations within a similar to 100 m radius of the turbine. In total, 247 small cetacean encounters were identified from click detections, which were also used to reconstruct the spatial movements of porpoises and dolphins, including close approaches to the turbine. Not all hydro phones were functional, which limited the ability to localise porpoise clicks; the probability of detecting and localising a click decreased by 50% at a range of similar to 20 m. Mechanical sounds on the turbine may have alerted cetaceans of its presence. In models examining acoustic detection patterns, the tidal state, time of day, low low-frequency noise levels and moon phase best explained the acoustic presence of porpoises. The limited duration of turbine operation yielded insufficient data to understand the effect of turbine rotation on animal presence and movement near the turbine. This is the first description of how small cetaceans behave and move around a tidal turbine, and we present recommendations regarding how PAM can be used to improve environmental monitoring at future tidal energy sites.