Lung-cancer mortality as related to residence and smoking histories. I. White males.
Lung-cancer mortality as related to residence and smoking histories. I. White males.
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DOI：
10.1093/jnci/28.4.947
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发表时间：
1962-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Haenszel;D. B. Loveland;M. Sirken
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Haenszel;D. B. Loveland;M. Sirken
1958年，在美国所有死于肺癌的白色男性中，有10%的样本是从家庭知情人那里收集的居住和吸烟史，以及从认证医生那里收集的其他诊断细节。居住和吸烟史也从美国人口普查局当前人口调查中获得了一般人群的样本。一个主要目的是研究肺癌死亡率的梯度组分类的终身居住史，控制吸烟史。同时还研究了居住史和吸烟史对肺癌死亡率的影响。为了这些目的，制定了终生居住历史的简要措施。主要调查结果如下：（a）在所考虑的所有人口亚组中，肺癌死亡率出现了一个很强的吸烟阶层梯度;（6）在不吸烟者中，按居住史划分的死亡率的绝对差异微不足道;（c）在肺癌发病率表中，居住史和吸烟史的联合影响远远大于根据单独影响的加和性假设所预期的影响;（d）与移动的人口相比，各种规模社区的终生居民患肺癌的风险较低;（e）两个特定的移民群体患肺癌的风险较高：美国农场出生的和外国出生的大都市中心居民;在结肠癌和直肠癌的对照数据中，后者的影响并不明显。目前的数据与其他证据的一致性和它们的关系，目前的肺癌病因学的假设的一些功能进行了讨论。
For a 10 percent sample of all white male lung-cancer deaths in the United States during 1958, residence and smoking histories were collected from family informants and additional diagnostic details from certifying physicians. Residence and smoking histories were also obtained for a sample of the general population from the U.S. Bureau of the Census Current Population Survey. A major objective was to study gradients in lung-cancer mortality among groups classified with respect to lifetime residence history, controlling for smoking history. The interaction of residence and smoking histories on the schedule of lung-cancer death rates was also examined. For these purposes summary measures of lifetime residence histories were developed. The major findings were: (a) the appearance of a strong smoking-class gradient in lung-cancer mortality among all population subgroups considered; (6) trivial absolute differences in death rates by residence history among nonsmokers; (c) joint effects of residence and smoking histories in the schedule of lung-cancer rates far greater than those expected on the assumption of additivity of the separate effects; (d) lower risks among lifetime residents in communities of all sizes as opposed to those displayed by more mobile populations; (e) high lung-cancer risks for two specific migrant groups: U.S. farm-born and foreign-born residents of large metropolitan centers; the latter effects were not evident in the control data for cancer of the colon and rectum. The consistency of the present data with other evidence and their relation to some features of current hypotheses of lung-cancer etiology are discussed.