Recycling of legume residues for nitrogen economy and higher productivity in maize (Zea mays)–wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
Recycling of legume residues for nitrogen economy and higher productivity in maize (Zea mays)–wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
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DOI：
10.1007/s10705-008-9212-0
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发表时间：
2009-03
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
A. Sharma;U. Behera
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Sharma;U. Behera
众所周知，在以谷物为基础的种植体系中，豆类作物对氮素经济的贡献是众所周知的，但谷物豆类作物的种植逐渐减少，威胁到印度西北部玉米(Zea Mays)-小麦(Triticum Aestivum)种植体系的可持续性。2002-2004年，在新德里的玉米-小麦种植系统中，对不同谷物豆类作物对生产力、盈利性、氮素经济和土壤肥力的影响进行了评估和量化。五种豆科植物，即。将黑豆(Vigna Mungo)、绿豆(Vigna Radiata)、豌豆(Vigna Unguulata)、花生(Arachim Lowgaea)和大豆(Glyine Max)与玉米间作或单作种植，其残留物在接下来的小麦作物(即不同施氮量的小麦)之前进行混入。−1。间作绿豆(16.1-29.9%)、豌豆(24.8%)和花生(11.1-16.6%)的玉米当量生产力显著高于单作玉米。间作玉米+绿豆和玉米+豌豆有利于土地当量比等竞争功能的发挥。豆类残渣施氮量间作系统为11.5~38.5 kg/ha−1，单作为17.5~83.5 kg/ha−1，不同程度地提高了后作小麦的生产力。由于间作绿豆、豌豆和花生的残留物，小麦的氮素经济为21亿kg/ha−1，单作绿豆和花生的氮素经济为49~56亿kg/ha−1。土壤有机C和KMnO4-N的残留肥力在以玉米为主的间作系统中表现出改善，其次是小麦，而且由于残留物的增加，有益效果在单作豆类作物时更为明显。研究结束时，大多数间作豆科作物和单作系统的表观氮平衡和KMnO4-N的实际变化均为正值，花生、大豆和绿豆的改善幅度较大。以玉米为基础的间作或豆类单作的净收益微乎其微，但小麦的净收益显著改善，特别是在前一季种植绿豆、豌豆和花生的情况下。研究表明，在玉米-小麦种植体系中种植豆科作物，特别是绿豆、豌豆和花生，有利于提高玉米-小麦种植体系的生产力、利润率、氮素经济和土壤肥力。
Contribution of legumes towards N economy in cereal-based cropping systems is well-known but there has been a gradual decline in the cultivation of grain legumes, threatening sustainability of maize (Zea mays)–wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system in north-western India. A study was made to evaluate and quantify the effect of different grain legumes on productivity, profitability, N economy and soil fertility in maize–wheat cropping system at New Delhi during 2002–2004. Five legumes, viz. blackgram (Vigna mungo), greengram (Vigna radiata), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and soybean (Glycine max) were either intercropped with maize or grown in sole cropping, and their residues were incorporated before the following crop of wheat, which was grown with varying rates of N, viz. 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha−1. Maize-equivalent productivity was significantly more with intercropped greengram (16.1–29.9%), cowpea (24.8%) and groundnut (11.1–16.6%) than in sole maize. Land equivalent ratio and other competitive functions were favourably influenced with intercropped maize + greengram and maize + cowpea. Addition of N through legume residues varied from 11.5–38.5 kg ha−1in intercropped system and 17.5–83.5 kg ha−1in sole cropping, which improved productivity of following wheat to a variable extent. Nitrogen economy in wheat was 21 kg ha−1due to residue incorporation of intercropped greengram, cowpea and groundnut; and 49–56 kg N ha−1of sole cropped greengram and groundnut. Residual soil fertility in terms of organic C and KMnO4-N showed an improvement under maize-based intercropping systems followed by wheat, and the beneficial effect was more pronounced with sole cropping of legumes due to greater addition of residues. Apparent N balance as well as actual change in KMnO4-N at the end of study was positive in most intercropped legumes as well as sole cropping systems, with greater improvement noticed under groundnut, soybean and greengram. Net returns were marginal with maize-based intercropping or sole cropping of legumes, but improved considerably with wheat, particularly when greengram, cowpea and groundnut were grown in the previous season. The studies suggested that inclusion of grain legumes, particularly greengram, cowpea and groundnut was beneficial for improving productivity, profitability, N economy and soil fertility in maize–wheat cropping system.