Health Inequalities - Critical Perspectives
Health Inequalities - Critical Perspectives
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健康不平等 - 批判性观点
DOI：
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198703358.003.0018
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Barr B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barr B
健康不平等研究面临的一个挑战是“反向证据法”，即证据的可用性往往与干预措施的潜在影响成反比。本章反映了需要解决这一问题，超越实验的方法来评估政策的健康不平等的影响，因为他们发生。扩大研究方法，包括这些“自然实验”提出了关于因果关系和研究方法的有效性的问题。本章简要讨论了社会政策评估中因果关系的实验和现实主义观点。它还概述了计量经济学的方法，已开发的“自然实验”的影响进行评估，讨论了这些的一些局限性，并建议他们如何可以通过基于理论的方法进行评估的见解增强。最后，它讨论了一些证据合成的影响，并得出结论，在现实主义的框架内，计量经济学和定性方法的合成，有很大的潜力产生证据，以减少健康不平等。
A challenge facing health inequalities research is the ‘inverse evidence law’, whereby the availability of evidence tends to vary inversely with the potential impact of the intervention. This chapter reflects on the need to address this by going beyond experimental approaches to evaluate the health inequalities impact of policies as they happen. Broadening research methods to include these ‘natural experiments’ raises questions about causality and the validity of research methods. The chapter briefly discusses experimental and realist perspectives on causality in the evaluation of social policy. It also outlines econometric methods that have been developed to evaluate the impact of ‘natural experiments’, discusses some of the limitations of these, and suggests how they can be enhanced through insights from theory-based approaches to evaluation. Finally, it discusses some of the implications of this for evidence synthesis, and concludes that the synthesis of econometric and qualitative methods, within a realist framework, has great potential for generating evidence to reduce health inequalities.