Language is not just for talking - Redundant labels facilitate learning of novel categories
Language is not just for talking - Redundant labels facilitate learning of novel categories
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02028.x
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发表时间：
2007-12-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
McClelland, James L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lupyan, Gary;Rakison, David H.;McClelland, James L.
除了具有交际功能外，言语标签还可以在形成概念方面发挥作用。两个实验评估是否存在的标签影响类别的形成。受试者学会将“外星人”分类为那些应该接近的人或那些应该避免的人。在提供每个响应的准确性反馈后，呈现或不呈现无意义标签。提供无意义的类别标签促进类别学习，即使标签是多余的，所有受试者有同等的经验与监督分类的刺激。一项后续研究调查了学习语言和非语言联想之间的差异，并表明学习非语言联想并不有利于分类。研究结果表明，标签使类别区分更加具体，并直接影响语言和思维的辩论。
In addition to having communicative functions, verbal labels may play a role in shaping concepts. Two experiments assessed whether the presence of labels affected category formation. Subjects learned to categorize "aliens" as those to be approached or those to be avoided. After accuracy feedback on each response was provided, a nonsense label was either presented or not. Providing nonsense category labels facilitated category learning even though the labels were redundant and all subjects had equivalent experience with supervised categorization of the stimuli. A follow-up study investigated differences between learning verbal and nonverbal associations and showed that learning a nonverbal association did not facilitate categorization. The findings show that labels make category distinctions more concrete and bear directly on the language-and-thought debate.