Unmatched DNA preservation prove arctic hare and sheep wool in Norse Greenlandic textile from "The Farm Beneath the Sand"
Unmatched DNA preservation prove arctic hare and sheep wool in Norse Greenlandic textile from "The Farm Beneath the Sand"
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.06.043
复制
发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Smith, M. Hayeur
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.;Vieira, Filipe Garrett;Smith, M. Hayeur
GUS（沙子下的花园-沙子下的农场）是一个格陵兰挪威人的定居点，距离努克80公里，在公元前1000年到1400年之间曾是挪威人的西部定居点。由于废弃后被掩埋在大量的沙子和永久冻土下，古斯以其出色的保存而闻名，在挪威格陵兰地区，易腐材料和人工制品保存得非常好，这是独一无二的。挪威格陵兰服装中使用的纤维外加剂的某些方面我们不知道，但对了解殖民地的历史及其生存实践有很大的相关性。在这里，我们展示了来自不同挪威格陵兰遗址的10个考古纺织品的11个样本的霰弹枪基因组数据的结果。将获得的序列与15种不同哺乳动物的线粒体基因组进行比对，发现只有来自GUS的样本含有任何内源性DNA(4,5和3.5%)，从而得到北极兔（Lepus arcticus）和家羊（Ovis aries）的基因组长度分别为70 × mt和20 × mt。格陵兰纺织品中北极兔的证据是少数几个证实在挪威服装中使用异国情调纺织品和羊毛混合类型的例子之一。此外，该研究总体上发现来自GUS的生物材料具有无与伦比的DNA保存，这表明未来在该地区进行遗传研究的潜力。
GUS (Garden under sandet-The Farm Beneath the Sand) is a Greenlandic Norse settlement site 80 km from Nuuk in the former Norse western settlement occupied between 1000 and 1400 CE. Renowned for its excellent preservation caused by its interment under large quantities of sand and permafrost after its abandonment, GUS is unique in Norse Greenlandic contexts as perishable materials and artefacts are extremely well preserved. Some aspects of fibre admixtures used in Norse Greenlandic clothing are unknown to us, but of great relevance to understanding the history of the colony and its subsistence practices. Here we present the results of shotgun genomic data from 11 samples originating from ten archaeological textiles from a variety of different Norse Greenlandic sites. The obtained sequences were mapped to mitochondrial genomes of 15 diverse mammals and only samples from GUS had any endogenous DNA (4,5 and 3,5%), resulting in a 70x mt-genome of arctic hare (Lepus arcticus) and a 20x mt-genome of domestic sheep (Ovis aries). The evidence of arctic hare in Greenlandic textile is one of the few examples confirming the use of exotic textiles and mixtures of wool types in Norse clothing. Furthermore, the study overall finds the biological material from GUS to have unmatched DNA preservation, indicating potential for genetic investigations in the future from this locality.