Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women.
Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1056/nejmoa010492
复制
发表时间：
2001-09-13
影响因子：
158.5
通讯作者：
Willett, WC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, FB;Manson, JE;Willett, WC
背景资料：以前的研究已经研究了个人的饮食和生活方式的因素与2型糖尿病，但这些因素的综合影响在很大程度上是未知的。方法：我们从1980年至1996年，84,941名女护士，这些妇女被诊断为心血管疾病，糖尿病和癌症的基线。关于他们的饮食和生活方式的信息定期更新。低风险组是根据五个变量的组合来定义的：（体重（公斤）除以身高（米）的平方）小于25;饮食中富含谷物纤维和多不饱和脂肪，反式脂肪和血糖负荷低（反映饮食对血糖水平的影响）;每天至少进行半小时的中度至剧烈体力活动;目前没有吸烟;和消费的平均至少半杯饮料的酒精饮料，每天。结果：在16年的随访中，我们记录了3300例新的2型糖尿病。超重或肥胖是糖尿病最重要的预测因素。缺乏锻炼、不良饮食、吸烟和戒酒都与糖尿病风险显著增加相关，即使在调整体重指数后也是如此。与其他人群相比，低风险组的女性（占女性的3.4%）患糖尿病的相对风险为0.09（95%置信区间为0.05至0.17）。在这一队列中，共有91%的糖尿病病例（95%置信区间，83%至95%）可归因于不符合低风险模式的习惯和行为形式。结论：我们的研究结果支持这一假设，即大多数2型糖尿病病例可以通过采取更健康的生活方式来预防。（N Engl J Med 2001;345：790-7.）版权所有（C）2001马萨诸塞州医学会。
Background: Previous studies have examined individual dietary and lifestyle factors in relation to type 2 diabetes, but the combined effects of these factors are largely unknown.Methods: We followed 84,941 female nurses from 1980 to 1996; these women were free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer at base line. Information about their diet and lifestyle was updated periodically. A low-risk group was defined according to a combination of five variables: a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of less than 25; a diet high in cereal fiber and polyunsaturated fat and low in trans fat and glycemic load (which reflects the effect of diet on the blood glucose level); engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for at least half an hour per day; no current smoking; and the consumption of an average of at least half a drink of an alcoholic beverage per day.Results: During 16 years of follow-up, we documented 3300 new cases of type 2 diabetes. Overweight or obesity was the single most important predictor of diabetes. Lack of exercise, a poor diet, current smoking, and abstinence from alcohol use were all associated with a significantly increased risk of diabetes, even after adjustment for the body-mass index. As compared with the rest of the cohort, women in the low-risk group (3.4 percent of the women) had a relative risk of diabetes of 0.09 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.17). A total of 91 percent of the cases of diabetes in this cohort (95 percent confidence interval, 83 to 95 percent) could be attributed to habits and forms of behavior that did not conform to the low-risk pattern.Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis that the majority of cases of type 2 diabetes could be prevented by the adoption of a healthier lifestyle. (N Engl J Med 2001;345:790-7.) Copyright (C) 2001 Massachusetts Medical Society.