Everyday Restriction: Central American Women and the State in the Mexico-Guatemala Border City of Tapachula
Everyday Restriction: Central American Women and the State in the Mexico-Guatemala Border City of Tapachula
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DOI：
10.1111/imre.12072
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Carte, Lindsey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carte, Lindsey
媒体报道和新兴的学术研究使国际社会越来越关注中美洲移民在墨西哥暴力事件中面临的紧迫人道主义危机。虽然留在墨西哥的中美洲移民的故事在很大程度上没有出现在这篇报道中，但可以说，通过这个永久定居点，南部边境发生了一种“中美洲化”。中美洲人选择在边境的恰帕斯州定居，其社会空间和政治背景一方面是由于实行了“进步的”州和国家一级的移徙政策，另一方面是由于歧视和暴力的持续存在。我们对这些政策在当地的执行情况知之甚少，即这些政策是如何实施的，以及它们对墨西哥移民经历的影响。为了填补这一空白，本文重点介绍了居住在墨西哥-危地马拉边境城市塔帕丘拉的中美洲移民妇女的经历。它采用了女权主义地缘政治的视角，鼓励在不同的尺度上进行研究和分析，考察了她们在寻求利用自己的法律和社会公民权利时与墨西哥政府中低级代表的日常互动，以及这些互动对其生计的影响。本文认为，中低级官员的行为揭示了一种非官方的、微妙的、但普遍存在的监管形式的重要性，通过这种监管，移民妇女被剥夺了她们应有的权利，对她们的生计造成了负面影响，我称之为日常限制。
Media coverage and emerging scholarship have brought increasing international attention to the urgent humanitarian crisis facing Central American transmigrants as they navigate landscapes of violence in Mexico. While stories of Central American immigrants who remain in Mexico are largely absent from this coverage, there is arguably a "Central Americanization" occurring on the southern border through this permanent settlement. Central Americans choosing to establish themselves in the border state of Chiapas do so in a socio-spatial and political context defined by the introduction of "progressive" state- and national-level migration policies on the one hand and the persistence of discrimination and violence on the other. We know little about the implementation of these policies on the ground, namely how they are applied and the impacts they have on the immigrant experience in Mexico. To begin to fill this gap, this paper focuses on the experiences of Central American immigrant women living in the Mexico-Guatemala border city of Tapachula. Employing a feminist geopolitical lens, which encourages conducting research and analysis at diverse scales, it examines their everyday interactions with low- to mid-level representatives of the Mexican state as they seek to avail themselves of their legal and social citizenship rights, and the impacts of these interactions on their livelihoods. This article argues that low- to mid-level officials' actions reveal the importance of a form of extra-official, subtle, yet pervasive regulation through which immigrant women are denied rights they are entitled to, inducing negative impacts to their livelihoods, which I term everyday restriction.