Observation of Self-Patterned Defect Formation in Atomic Superfluids–from Ring Dark Solitons to Vortex Dipole Necklaces
Observation of Self-Patterned Defect Formation in Atomic Superfluids–from Ring Dark Solitons to Vortex Dipole Necklaces
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevx.13.031029
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发表时间：
2022-11
影响因子：
12.5
通讯作者：
H. Tamura;Cheng-An Chen;Chen-Lung Hung
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Tamura;Cheng-An Chen;Chen-Lung Hung
揭示多维非线性介质中孤子和拓扑缺陷结构的非平衡动力学是当前跨学科领域的前沿课题。其中一个典型的对象是一个环暗孤子（RDS），其动力学预计将显示显着的相互作用之间的对称性和自图案拓扑缺陷形成的横向（蛇）不稳定性，但迄今为止，它已经回避了充分的实验观察。在这里，我们报告了一个实验实现RDS产生的二维原子超流体被困在一个圆形的盒子。通过对封闭盒势的猝灭，我们观察到了从边缘发射的RDS及其在径向运动中的特殊特征。作为一个RDS的演变，我们观察到横向调制在离散的方位角，这显然导致在一个图案形成的圆形涡旋偶极子阵列。通过碰撞的涡旋偶极子与盒陷阱，我们观察到涡旋解约束，涡旋钉扎的边缘，和稀疏脉冲的发射。我们的盒子淬火协议打开了一个新的方式来研究多维暗孤子，结构形成的拓扑缺陷，并可能有序的量子涡旋物质的动力学。
Unveiling nonequilibrium dynamics of solitonic and topological defect structures in a multidimensional nonlinear medium is a current frontier across diverse fields. One of the quintessential objects is a ring dark soliton (RDS), whose dynamics are expected to display remarkable interplay between symmetry and self-patterned topological defect formation from a transverse (snake) instability, but it has thus far evaded full experimental observations. Here, we report an experimental realization of RDS generation in a two-dimensional atomic superfluid trapped in a circular box. By quenching the confining box potential, we observe an RDS emitted from the edge and its peculiar signature in the radial motion. As an RDS evolves, we observe transverse modulations at discrete azimuthal angles, which clearly result in a patterned formation of a circular vortex dipole array. Through collisions of the vortex dipoles with the box trap, we observe vortex unbinding, vortex pinning to the edge, and emission of rarefaction pulses. Our box-quench protocol opens a new way to study multidimensional dark solitons, structured formation of topological defects, and potentially the dynamics of ordered quantum vortex matter.