Resilient cities: Responsing to peak oil and climate change
Resilient cities: Responsing to peak oil and climate change
复制标题
韧性城市：应对石油峰值和气候变化
DOI：
10.1080/07293682.2009.9995295
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Heather Boyer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Newman;T. Beatley;Heather Boyer
这是一个有远见的指南，以发展城市是宜居的，可持续的，和“顺从”。现在世界上一半的居民生活在城市里。在未来的二十年里，城市居民的数量将膨胀到大约五十亿人。由于交通系统效率低下，建筑设计糟糕，许多城市--特别是美国的城市--消耗了大量的化石燃料，排放了大量的温室气体。但我们的星球正在迅速耗尽几个世纪以来为城市发展提供动力的碳基燃料，我们似乎无法控制温室气体排放。世界城市是否正走向不可避免的崩溃？这本充满活力的书的作者并不认为遗忘必然是城市地区的命运。相反，他们认为明智的规划和富有远见的领导可以帮助城市应对即将到来的危机，并期待世界各地城市的现有举措。他们没有用恐惧来回应（就像一大批末日预言家所做的那样），而是选择了希望。首先，他们直面问题，描述了我们今天在石油使用和对气候变化的贡献方面所处的位置。然后，他们提出了城市的四种可能结果：“崩溃”、“农村化”、“分裂”和“恢复力”。针对他们的设想，他们阐述了新的“可持续城市化”如何取代今天的“碳消耗城市化”。“他们详细讨论了如何可行地开发新的交通系统和建筑物来取代我们目前的低效率系统。总之，他们提供了十个“战略步骤”，任何城市都可以采取更大的可持续性和弹性。这不是一本充满“蓝天”理论的书（尽管蓝天将是其建议的一个受欢迎的结果）。相反，它充满了实用的想法，其中一些已经在今天的城市中发挥作用。它坦率地承认，我们的城市有问题，如果不加以解决，这些问题将恶化，但它表明，这些问题是可以解决的。现在是开始解决这些问题的时候了。
This is a visionary guide to developing cities that are livable, sustainable, and 'resilient'. Half of the world's inhabitants now live in cities. In the next twenty years, the number of urban dwellers will swell to an estimated five billion people. With their inefficient transportation systems and poorly designed buildings, many cities - especially in the United States - consume enormous quantities of fossil fuels and emit high levels of greenhouse gases. But our planet is rapidly running out of the carbon-based fuels that have powered urban growth for centuries and we seem to be unable to curb our greenhouse gas emissions. Are the world's cities headed for inevitable collapse?The authors of this spirited book don't believe that oblivion is necessarily the destiny of urban areas. Instead, they believe that intelligent planning and visionary leadership can help cities meet the impending crises, and look to existing initiatives in cities around the world. Rather than responding with fear (as a legion of doomsaying prognosticators have done), they choose hope.First, they confront the problems, describing where we stand today in our use of oil and our contribution to climate change. They then present four possible outcomes for cities: 'collapse,' 'ruralized,' 'divided,' and 'resilient.' In response to their scenarios, they articulate how a new 'sustainable urbanism' could replace today's 'carbon-consuming urbanism.' They address in detail how new transportation systems and buildings can be feasibly developed to replace our present low-efficiency systems. In conclusion, they offer ten 'strategic steps' that any city can take toward greater sustainability and resilience.This is not a book filled with 'blue sky' theory (although blue skies will be a welcome result of its recommendations). Rather, it is packed with practical ideas, some of which are already working in cities today. It frankly admits that our cities have problems that will worsen if they are not addressed, but it suggests that these problems are solvable. And the time to begin solving them is now.