Urinary, Circulating, and Tissue Biomonitoring Studies Indicate Widespread Exposure to Bisphenol A
Urinary, Circulating, and Tissue Biomonitoring Studies Indicate Widespread Exposure to Bisphenol A
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DOI：
10.1590/s1413-81232012000200015
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Schoenfelder, Gilbert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vandenberg, Laura N.;Chahoud, Ibrahim;Schoenfelder, Gilbert
双酚A（BPA）是全球产量最高的化学品之一，人们认为人类接触BPA的情况无处不在。因此，人们担心人类接触的BPA量可能会对健康造成不良影响。我们研究了许多可能性，为什么生物监测和毒代动力学研究可能会得出看似矛盾的结论。对80多项已发表的人体生物监测研究进行了检查，这些研究测量了人体组织、尿液、血液和其他液体中的BPA浓度，沿着了两项人体BPA代谢的毒代动力学研究。未结合的BPA通常在血液中检测到（在纳克每毫升范围内），而结合的BPA通常在绝大多数尿液样本中检测到（也在纳克每毫升范围内）。与此形成鲜明对比的是，毒代动力学研究表明，人体内部不会暴露于BPA。生物监测研究的现有数据清楚地表明，普通人群暴露于BPA，并且存在内部暴露于非结合BPA的风险。两项毒代动力学研究表明，人体BPA暴露量可忽略不计，存在重大缺陷，与假设驱动的研究直接矛盾，因此对于风险评估目的而言并不可靠。
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest-volume chemicals produced worldwide, and human exposure to BPA is thought to be ubiquitous. Thus, there are concerns that the amount of BPA to which humans are exposed may cause adverse health effects. We examined many possibilities for why biomonitoring and toxicokinetic studies could come to seemingly conflicting conclusions. More than 80 published human biomonitoring studies that measured BPA concentrations in human tissues, urine, blood, and other fluids, along with two toxicokinetic studies of human BPA metabolism were examined. Unconjugated BPA was routinely detected in blood (in the nanograms per milliliter range), and conjugated BPA was routinely detected in the vast majority of urine samples (also in the nanograms per milliliter range). In stark contrast, toxicokinetic studies proposed that humans are not internally exposed to BPA. Available data from biomonitoring studies clearly indicate that the general population is exposed to BPA and is at risk from internal exposure to unconjugated BPA. The two toxicokinetic studies that suggested human BPA exposure is negligible have significant deficiencies, are directly contradicted by hypothesis-driven studies, and are therefore not reliable for risk assessment purposes.