Grappling With Implicit Social Bias: A Perspective From Memory Research
Grappling With Implicit Social Bias: A Perspective From Memory Research
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.037
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发表时间：
2019-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Heather D. Lucas;Jessica D. Creery;Xiaoqing Hu;K. Paller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Heather D. Lucas;Jessica D. Creery;Xiaoqing Hu;K. Paller
现在有一个广泛的共识，即社会偏见往往会影响行为独立于行为者的意图或意识。我们有时会对自己的思想、态度和行为的起源视而不见，这一观点在对人类记忆系统的研究中也很突出，人类记忆系统在区分过去经验的内隐和外显影响方面有着悠久的历史。因此，这些研究领域的共同挑战是确定有效管理我们记忆存储内容的技术，特别是那些我们对元认知洞察力有限的方面。在本综述中，我们研究了人类记忆的认知神经科学的最新进展，这些进展说明了这一挑战，因为它适用于社会领域。其中一个进展领域涉及个性化的作用，即在记忆中关注和表现个人独特特征的过程，这可以限制基于社会类别的概括的影响。第二部分研究涉及对记忆巩固理解的突破，记忆巩固决定了新编码记忆的命运。我们讨论了这些发展中的每一个的承诺，以确定如何成为我们社会思想的更好的管家。更一般地说，我们认为，与其他形式的学习和记忆一样，有意识的练习和排练可能在学习中至关重要，以尽量减少不必要的偏见。关于IBRO
There is now widespread consensus that social biases often influence actions independently of the actor's intention or awareness. The notion that we are sometimes blind to the origins of our thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors also features prominently in research into domain-general human memory systems, which has a long history of distinguishing between implicit and explicit repercussions of past experience. A shared challenge across these fields of study is thus to identify techniques for effectively managing the contents of our memory stores, particularly those aspects into which we have limited metacognitive insight. In the present review, we examine recent developments in the cognitive neuroscience of human memory that speak to this challenge as it applies to the social domain. One area of progress pertains to the role of individuation, the process of attending to and representing in memory unique characteristics of individuals, which can limit the influence of generalizations based on social categories. A second body of work concerns breakthroughs in understanding memory consolidation, which determines the fate of newly encoded memories. We discuss the promise of each of these developments for identifying ways to become better stewards of our social minds. More generally, we suggest that, as with other forms of learning and memory, intentional practice and rehearsal may be critical in learning to minimize unwanted biases. © 2019 IBRO