A novel method for single sample multi-axial nanoindentation of hydrated heterogeneous tissues based on testing great white shark jaws.
A novel method for single sample multi-axial nanoindentation of hydrated heterogeneous tissues based on testing great white shark jaws.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0081196
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wroe S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferrara TL;Boughton P;Slavich E;Wroe S
适用于一系列水合组织的纳米力学测试方法对于理解生物系统至关重要。组织纳米压痕可以为生物学、组织工程和仿生设计提供有价值的见解。然而，测试水合生物样品仍然是一个重大挑战。鲨鱼颌软骨是开发水合组织测试方法的理想基质，因为它是矿化（硬）层和非矿化（软）层的独特异质复合材料，并且具有难以进行机械测试的颌几何形状。本研究的目的是开发一种新方法，从取自大白鲨（Carcharodon carcharias）的单个样本中获得两层颌软骨的多向纳米力学特性。一种从单个样本获取多向数据的方法对于检查这种鲨鱼的组织力学是必要的，因为它是受保护物种，因此样本可能很难获取。结果表明，该方法可以保持样品的水合作用，否则样品会迅速脱水。我们的研究是对大白鲨颌软骨纳米力学特性的首次分析。在该物种的两层颌软骨的不同正交方向上检测到纳米力学特性的变化。数据进一步表明，鲨鱼颌软骨的矿化层比之前假设的硬度要低。我们的方法允许从单个、小型、水合异质样品中获得多向纳米力学特性。因此，我们的技术适用于标本稀有、有价值或数量有限的情况，例如从濒危物种或病理组织获取的样本。我们还概述了一种尖端到光学校准的方法，该方法有利于软生物组织的纳米压痕。我们的技术可能有助于解决对纳米力学测试方法的迫切需求，该方法适用于各种水合生物材料（无论是软的还是硬的）。
Nanomechanical testing methods that are suitable for a range of hydrated tissues are crucial for understanding biological systems. Nanoindentation of tissues can provide valuable insights into biology, tissue engineering and biomimetic design. However, testing hydrated biological samples still remains a significant challenge. Shark jaw cartilage is an ideal substrate for developing a method to test hydrated tissues because it is a unique heterogeneous composite of both mineralized (hard) and non-mineralized (soft) layers and possesses a jaw geometry that is challenging to test mechanically. The aim of this study is to develop a novel method for obtaining multidirectional nanomechanical properties for both layers of jaw cartilage from a single sample, taken from the great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias). A method for obtaining multidirectional data from a single sample is necessary for examining tissue mechanics in this shark because it is a protected species and hence samples may be difficult to obtain. Results show that this method maintains hydration of samples that would otherwise rapidly dehydrate. Our study is the first analysis of nanomechanical properties of great white shark jaw cartilage. Variation in nanomechanical properties were detected in different orthogonal directions for both layers of jaw cartilage in this species. The data further suggest that the mineralized layer of shark jaw cartilage is less stiff than previously posited. Our method allows multidirectional nanomechanical properties to be obtained from a single, small, hydrated heterogeneous sample. Our technique is therefore suitable for use when specimens are rare, valuable or limited in quantity, such as samples obtained from endangered species or pathological tissues. We also outline a method for tip-to-optic calibration that facilitates nanoindentation of soft biological tissues. Our technique may help address the critical need for a nanomechanical testing method that is applicable to a variety of hydrated biological materials whether soft or hard.
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