Variables and their operationalization in educational research. Part I
Variables and their operationalization in educational research. Part I
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DOI：
10.1016/j.coi.2017.10.012
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Espinoza Freire, Eudaldo Enrique
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Espinoza Freire, Eudaldo Enrique
肥大细胞是参与免疫监视和防御的先天性免疫细胞。它们充满了分泌颗粒，其中储存了大量具有多种生物活性的分子。颗粒分泌的过程，称为脱粒，是一种严格控制的生物学现象，允许肥大细胞响应细胞外刺激而快速有效地释放生物活性介质。MC脱粒允许对抗病原体，限制毒液蛰入，并有助于组织稳态。然而，它也是一种潜在的有害反应，在过敏和炎症性疾病的发展中起着关键作用。最近的研究结果表明，MC脱粒是一个复杂的模块化过程，可以在多个层次上进行控制。首先，肥大细胞可以将不同的激活刺激解码成两种主要的脱粒模式，这两种模式不同地影响炎症反应。第二，肥大细胞与抗体调理的细胞或寄生虫接触，形成抗体依赖性脱颗粒突触，用于专门的分泌和防御。第三，IL-33在单细胞水平上微调FcR介导的脱粒。总之，这些最新的研究结果表明，肥大细胞如何适应其脱粒反应的环境线索，并强调这些细胞的显着的功能可塑性。
Mast cells are innate immune cells implicated in immune surveillance and defense. They are filled with secretory granules where a vast array of molecules endowed with multiple biological activities are stored. The process of granule secretion, named degranulation, is a tightly controlled biological phenomenon that allows mast cells to rapidly and efficiently release bioactive mediators in response to extracellular stimuli. MC degranulation allows fighting pathogens, limiting envenomation and contributes to tissue homeostasis. However, it is also a potentially harmful response that plays a key role in the development of allergy and inflammatory diseases. Recent findings revealed that MC degranulation is a complex modular process that can be controlled at multiple levels. First, mast cells can decode different activation stimuli into two main patterns of degranulation that differently impact inflammatory responses. Second, mast cells in contact with antibody-opsonized cells or parasites form antibody-dependent degranulatory synapse for dedicated secretion and defense. Third, IL-33 fine-tunes FcR-mediated degranulation at the single cell level. Together these recent findings show how mast cells adapt their degranulation responses to environmental cues and highlight the remarkable functional plasticity of these cells.