The role of attention in the development of short-term memory: Age differences in the verbal span of apprehension
The role of attention in the development of short-term memory: Age differences in the verbal span of apprehension
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DOI：
10.1111/1467-8624.00080
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发表时间：
1999-09-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Saults, JS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cowan, N;Nugent, LD;Saults, JS
在之前的记忆广度研究中，参与者在刺激出现时就注意到了，因此有机会使用各种助记策略。在本研究的主要部分中，参与者（一年级和四年级儿童以及成人；每个年龄组 24 名）在听到口头数字列表的同时执行视觉任务，并且对于某些列表，仅偶尔收到列表后数字回忆提示。在这些条件下，列表信息可能必须从被动保存的存储（例如听觉感官记忆）中提取。结果表明，每个人都有一个核心记忆容量限制，在无法通过记忆策略补充的情况下可以清楚地观察到这一限制，并且容量限制似乎随着童年时期的年龄而增加。其他需要注意的过程也有助于记忆已参加的列表。
In previous studies of memory span, participants have attended to the stimuli while they were presented, and therefore have had the opportunity to use a variety of mnemonic strategies. In the main portion of the present study, participants (first- and fourth-grade children, and adults; 24 per age group) carried out a visual task while hearing lists of spoken digits and received a post-list digit recall cue only occasionally, for some lists. Under these conditions, list information presumably must be extracted from a passively held store such as auditory sensory memory. The results suggest that each individual has a core memory capacity limit that can be observed clearly in circumstances in which it cannot be supplemented by mnemonic strategies, and that the capacity limit appears to increase with age during childhood. Other, attention-demanding processes also contribute to memory for attended lists.