Microscopic analysis of plant-bacterium interactions using auto fluorescent proteins
Microscopic analysis of plant-bacterium interactions using auto fluorescent proteins
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DOI：
10.1007/s10658-007-9171-3
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Bloemberg, Guido V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bloemberg, Guido V.
植物生长促进根际细菌（PGPR）包括固氮细菌（例如，根瘤菌科（Rhizobiaceae）、Herbaspirillum、Azoarcus）产生植物激素（例如，固氮菌属）并提供针对真菌和/或细菌病原体（例如，假单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属、链霉菌属）。PGPR与植物之间的相互作用可以分为不同的步骤，包括初始吸引、附着、增殖和定殖，例如，根、茎、叶和花。在基因水平上，许多细菌基因的表达在这些过程中发生了改变。除了与植物的相互作用外，PGPR还与由其他细菌、真菌和/或菌根真菌组成的内源微生物区系相互作用和竞争。在生物防治细菌菌株的情况下，通常需要与病原体的直接相互作用来抑制疾病。植物根际促生细菌（PGPR）在其自然环境中的微观分析以及其与宿主植物和/或靶标生物相互作用的具体过程对于阐明其功能和商业接种剂的成功应用是必不可少的。随着自体荧光蛋白（AFP）作为标记物的发现和发展，以及高度复杂的荧光显微镜（如共聚焦激光扫描显微镜）的发展，为研究PGPR在自然环境中的作用开辟了新的方向。本文将简要概述现有的工具，应用AFPs在PGPR的研究和未来的发展前景。最近的几篇综述将为读者提供进一步阅读的选择（Bloemberg and Lugtenberg 2004; Chalfie and Kain 2005; Larrainzar et al. 2005; Republican et al. 2005; Bloemberg and Camacho 2006）。
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) include bacteria that fix nitrogen (e.g., Rhizobiaceae, Herbaspirillum, Azoarcus), produce phytohormones (e.g., Azospirillum) and provide protection against fungal and/or bacterial pathogens (e.g., Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Streptomyces). Interactions between PGPR and plants can be divided into different steps which include initial attraction, attachment, proliferation and colonization e.g., of roots, stem, leaves and flowers. At the genetic level the expression of many bacterial genes are altered during these processes. In addition to the interaction with the plant, PGPR interact and compete with the endogenous microflora, consisting of other bacteria, fungi and/or mycorrhizal fungi. In the case of biocontrol bacterial strains, a direct interaction with the pathogen is often required to suppress the disease. Microscopic analyses of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in their natural environment and in specific during their interaction(s) with the host plant(s) and/or their target organism(s) is essential for the elucidation of their functioning and the successful application of commercial inoculants. With the discovery and development of auto fluorescent proteins (AFPs) as markers and the development of highly sophisticated fluorescence microscopes such as confocal laser scanning microscopes, a new dimension has been created for studying PGPR in their natural environment. This paper will give a short overview on available tools, the application of AFPs in PGPR research and some future perspectives. Several recent reviews will give the reader an option for further reading (Bloemberg and Lugtenberg 2004; Chalfie and Kain 2005; Larrainzar et al. 2005; Rediers et al. 2005; Bloemberg and Camacho 2006).