Are Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum a single species?

Are Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum a single species?
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DOI:
10.1186/1756-3305-5-42
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发表时间:
2012-02-20
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Araujo A
Araujo A
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Leles D;Gardner SL;Reinhard K;Iñiguez A;Araujo A

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自1758年Linneeus首次对人类蛔虫进行描述和命名,后来Goeze 1782年又对猪蛔虫进行了描述和命名,这些种一直被认为是有效的。关于其特异性或缺乏特异性(以及这些物种的起源),有四种假设是可能的:1)蛔虫(通常感染人类)和猪蛔虫(主要记录于猪)都是有效的物种,这两个物种都是通过物种形成事件起源于人类驯化猪之前的某个共同祖先的物种,或者2)人类的蛔虫直接起源于猪的猪蛔虫物种,猪蛔虫在猪蛔虫形成后作为持久祖先存在,或3)蛔虫直接起源于蛔虫,其持久的祖先是鞭毛虫和自杀虫,是新衍生的物种。最后,蛔虫和猪蛔虫是同一物种,这一假设得到了一些研究的支持,这些研究表明,在几个基因上都存在低形态和低遗传差异。我们提出并讨论了古寄生虫学和遗传学证据,以补充新的数据来评估蛔虫的起源和进化。在人类和猪身上,以及在这两个宿主中物种的独特性。最后,我们得出的结论是:蛔虫和猪蛔虫是一个单一的种,因此A.suum Goeze 1782应该被认为是A.llbricoides的一个异名。
Since the original description and naming of Ascaris lumbricoides from humans by Linnaeus in 1758 and later of Ascaris suum from pigs by Goeze 1782, these species have been considered to be valid. Four hypotheses relative to the conspecificity or lack thereof (and thus origin of these species) are possible: 1) Ascaris lumbricoides (usually infecting humans) and Ascaris suum (recorded mostly from pigs) are both valid species, with the two species originating via a speciation event from a common ancestor sometime before the domestication of pigs by humans, or 2) Ascaris lumbricoides in humans is derived directly from the species A. suum found in pigs with A. suum then existing as a persistent ancestor after formation of A. lumbricoides, or 3) Ascaris suum is derived directly from A. lumbricoides with the persistent ancestor being A. lumbricoides and A. suum being the newly derived species, and finally, 4) Ascaris lumbricoides and A. suum are the same species, this hypothesis being supported by studies showing both low morphological and low genetic divergence at several genes. We present and discuss paleoparasitological and genetic evidence that complement new data to evaluate the origin and evolution of Ascaris spp. in humans and pigs, and the uniqueness of the species in both hosts. Finally, we conclude that Ascaris lumbricoides and A. suum are a single species and that the name A. lumbricoides Linnaeus 1758 has taxonomic priority; therefore A. suum Goeze 1782 should be considered a synonym of A. lumbricoides.
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期刊: TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY
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