Kinetic effects of temperature on rates of genetic divergence and speciation
Kinetic effects of temperature on rates of genetic divergence and speciation
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0603587103
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发表时间：
2006-06-13
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Brown, James H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allen, Andrew P.;Gillooly, James F.;Brown, James H.
生物多样性的纬度梯度和宏观进化动力学是突出的，但知之甚少。我们推导了一个模型，量化了动能在产生生物多样性中的作用。该模型预测遗传分化率和物种形成率都受代谢率的控制，因此表现出相同的指数温度依赖性（活化能约为0.65 eV; 1 eV = 1.602 × 10(-19) J）。来自浮游有孔虫的DNA进化和物种形成速率的全球数据集支持了这些预测，这些数据跨越了3000万年。正如模型所预测的那样，即使在控制了热带纬度地区更大的海洋覆盖之后，物种形成的速度也会向热带地区增加。我们的模型和结果表明，个体代谢率是进化速率的主要决定因素：每克组织中大约10(13)J的能量通量会在核基因组中产生一个核苷酸替换，每个群体中大约10(23)J的能量通量会产生一个新的有孔虫物种。
Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity and macroevolutionary dynamics are prominent yet poorly understood. We derive a model that quantifies the role of kinetic energy in generating biodiversity. The model predicts that rates of genetic divergence and speciation are both governed by metabolic rate and therefore show the same exponential temperature dependence (activation energy of approximate to 0.65 eV; 1 eV = 1.602 x 10(-19) J). Predictions are supported by global datasets from planktonic foraminifera for rates of DNA evolution and speciation spanning 30 million years. As predicted by the model, rates of speciation increase toward the tropics even after controlling for the greater ocean coverage at tropical latitudes. Our model and results indicate that individual metabolic rate is a primary determinant of evolutionary rates: approximate to 10(13) J of energy flux per gram of tissue generates one substitution per nucleotide in the nuclear genome, and approximate to 10(23) J of energy flux per population generates a new species of foraminifera.