Immunization coverage and its determinants among children aged 12 - 23 months in a peri-urban area of Kenya
Immunization coverage and its determinants among children aged 12 - 23 months in a peri-urban area of Kenya
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DOI：
10.11604/pamj.2013.14.3.2181
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发表时间：
2013-01-02
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Kombich, Janeth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maina, Lilian Chepkemoi;Karanja, Simon;Kombich, Janeth
导言：近年来，强有力的免疫接种服务制度化，确保了今天世界目标人口的70%以上都得到了接种。在肯尼亚，大约77%的12-23个月大的儿童完全接种了疫苗，一些地区报告的覆盖率甚至更低。然而，在低收入和高人口环境中，例如纳库鲁区的Kaptembwo地点，低免疫覆盖率仍然是一项挑战。方法：2011年1月至3月进行了一项基于社区的横断面调查。采用整群抽样方法。数据是通过挨家挨户走访，使用预测的面试者指导的结构化问卷收集的。在SPSS中使用描述性、双变量和多变量Logistic回归对数据进行分析，以确定完全免疫的独立预测因素。结果：免疫完全接种率为76.6%。特异性抗原的接种率依次为卡介苗(99.5%)、OPV0(97.6%)、OPV1(98.7%)、OPV2(96.6%)、OPV3(90.5%)、PETA 1(98.9%)、PETA 2(96.6%)、PETA 3(90.0%)、麻疹(77.4%)。一、三五价疫苗接种率之间的脱落率为8.9%。全面免疫的预测因素包括家庭中的儿童数量、儿童的出生地、关于下一次进行生长监测的日期的建议以及对所提供的健康免疫服务的意见。结论：12~23个月儿童的完全免疫接种率仍低于目标。提高疫苗接种覆盖率的努力必须考虑到这项研究中发现的免疫决定因素。需要把重点放在加强提高认识战略上。
Introduction: The institutionalization of strong immunization services over recent years has ensured that today more than 70% of the worlds' targeted population is reached. In Kenya, approximately 77% of children aged 12-23 months are fully vaccinated with some districts reporting even lower levels of coverage. However, low immunization coverage remains a challenge in low income and high population settings such as Kaptembwo Location, Nakuru district. Methods: A cross sectional community based survey was undertaken between January and March 2011. Cluster sampling method was employed. Data was collected using pretested interviewer guided structured questionnaires through house to house visits. Data was analyzed in SPSS using descriptive, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify independent predictors of full immunization. Results: Complete immunization coverage was 76.6%. Coverage for specific antigens was; BCG (99.5%), OPV0 (97.6%), OPV 1(98.7%), OPV2 (96.6%), OPV3 (90.5%), Penta 1(98.9), Penta 2 (96.6%), Penta 3 (90.0%), Measles (77.4%). The drop-out rate between the first and third pentavalent vaccine coverage was 8.9%. Predictors of full immunization included number of children within the family, place of birth of the child, advice on date of next visit for growth monitoring and opinion on the health immunization services offered. Conclusion: Complete immunization coverage among children aged 12-23 months is still below target. Efforts to improve vaccination coverage must take into account the immunization determinants found in this study. There is need to focus on strengthening of awareness strategies.