Identity politics in Okinawan elections: the emergence of regional populism
Identity politics in Okinawan elections: the emergence of regional populism
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冲绳选举中的身份政治：地区民粹主义的出现
DOI：
10.1080/09555803.2019.1646784
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Vogt Gabriele
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hijino Ken Victor Leonard;Vogt Gabriele
虽然身份问题一直是冲绳基层运动的核心，但直到最近，很少有政客明确地以身份诉求为竞选口号，而不是以和平主义意识形态或经济发展和福利的物质承诺为竞选口号。试图取代这种左右意识形态竞争的身份政治在冲绳的出现似乎是一种新现象。难道只有在翁长武知事和他的“全冲绳”运动时期，身份才被用来动员地方选举中的选民吗？如果是这样的话，为什么这种新型的身份政治自2014年以来如此强劲地出现？在翁长雄志和他的运动下出现的身份政治，可以说是一种带有强烈民粹主义特征的政治，它试图呼吁善良的冲绳人民团结起来，反对日本本土的歧视。在冲绳的“地方民粹主义”中，“人民”是如何定义的，他们的“意志”是如何显现的？如何理解和定义“敌人”？本文试图通过对冲绳身份政治的调查来回答这两组关于次国家身份政治和民粹主义的问题。为此，该研究将系统地借鉴当地政治家的竞选文献和演讲，以及冲绳议会的审议和演讲，以及回归后时期（1972-2018年）的其他材料。我们认为，这种不断上升的身份政治确实是新的，它源于一系列社会经济发展，主要是冲绳选民对主流政党、中央政府和日本大陆的空前不信任。
Although identity issues have been central to Okinawan grass-roots movements, until recently few politicians have explicitly campaigned on identity appeals, rather than pacifist ideology or material promises in the form of economic development and welfare. The emergence of identity politics seeking to replace such left–right ideological competition in Okinawa appears to be a new phenomenon. Has it only been under Governor Onaga Takeshi and his ‘All Okinawa’ movement that identity has been used to mobilize voters in local elections? And if so, why has this new type of identity politics emerged with such force since 2014? The type of identity politics emerging under Onaga and his movement is arguably one with strong populist features, which seek to appeal to the unity of a virtuous Okinawan people against a discriminatory Japanese mainland. In Okinawa’s ‘regionalist populism’, how are the ‘people’ defined and their ‘will’ revealed? How are the ‘enemies’ understood and framed? This article seeks to answer these two sets of questions concerning subnational identity politics and populism by investigating identity politics in Okinawan. To this end, the study will systematically draw upon campaign literature and speeches of local politicians, as well as deliberations and speeches in the Okinawa assembly, among other material in the post-reversion period (1972–2018). We suggest that this rising identity politics is indeed new and is born from a number of socio-economic developments, primarily an unprecedented level of distrust towards mainstream parties, the central government, and mainland Japanese among Okinawan voters.