Statistics to Measure Offshoring and its Impact
Statistics to Measure Offshoring and its Impact
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衡量离岸外包及其影响的统计数据
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Feenstra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Feenstra
我们确定了“第一代”的统计数据来衡量离岸外包的进口中间投入的成本份额，沿着与O*NET数据来衡量任务的可交易性。这些数据被用来衡量离岸外包导致的相对劳动力需求和相对工资的变化。这些统计数据的局限性在于，它们不能用来衡量对真实的工资的影响，为此，我们需要以价格为基础的离岸外包措施。最近，全球投入产出表产生了“第二代”统计数据。这些措施包括出口的外国增值，或其对应物，出口的国内增值。我们说明了外国附加值的组成部分，在中国出口激增后，其在2001年加入WTO。我们认为，这样的第二代统计数据还应补充离岸价格为基础的措施，我们提出了一个简单的措施，扩大对进口的有效保护率适用于出口商品。
We identify “first generation” statistics to measure offshoring as the share of imported intermediate inputs in costs, along with O*NET data to measure the tradability of tasks. These data were used to measure the shifts in relative labor demand and relative wages due to offshoring. A limitation of these statistics is that they cannot be used to measure the impact on real wages, and for that purpose, we need price-based measures of offshoring. More recently, “second generation” statistics have arisen from global input-output tables. These measures include the foreign value-added in exports, or its counterpart, the domestic value-added in exports. We illustrate the foreign value-added component in the surge of Chinese exports following its WTO entry in 2001. We argue that such second-generation statistics should also be supplemented by price-based measure of offshoring, and we propose one simple measure that extends the effective rate of protection on imports to apply to exported goods.