Learning sculpts the spontaneous activity of the resting human brain
Learning sculpts the spontaneous activity of the resting human brain
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0902455106
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发表时间：
2009-10-13
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Corbetta, Maurizio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lewisa, Christopher M.;Baldassarre, Antonello;Corbetta, Maurizio
大脑不是一个被动的由环境刺激驱动的感觉-运动分析器，而是积极地维持着持续的表征，这些表征可能涉及对预期的感觉刺激、预期的运动反应和先前经验的编码。自发性皮层活动被认为在维持这些持续的内部表征中起着重要作用，尽管其功能作用尚未得到很好的理解。在人类大脑中正在被深入研究的一个自发信号是通过功能性MRI（通过MRI的功能连接性，fcMRI或BOLD连接性）在休息时记录的血氧水平依赖（BOLD）信号的区域间时间相关性。这种信号在许多分布式网络中是内在的和连贯的，这些分布式网络的拓扑结构与任务期间招募的功能网络非常相似。虽然很明显，功能磁共振成像网络反映了解剖学的连接性，但不太清楚它们是否具有任何动态功能的重要性。在这里，我们证明了视知觉学习，成人神经可塑性的一个例子，修改的任务所从事的网络之间的自发活动的静息协方差结构。具体来说，在一个形状识别任务的紧张训练后，约束到一个视觉象限，休息BOLD功能连接和直接的相互作用训练的视觉皮层和额顶叶区域参与控制空间注意力显着修改。重要的是，这些变化与感知学习的程度相关。我们的结论是，功能连接在大脑功能中起着动态作用，支持巩固以前的经验。
The brain is not a passive sensory-motor analyzer driven by environmental stimuli, but actively maintains ongoing representations that may be involved in the coding of expected sensory stimuli, prospective motor responses, and prior experience. Spontaneous cortical activity has been proposed to play an important part in maintaining these ongoing, internal representations, although its functional role is not well understood. One spontaneous signal being intensely investigated in the human brain is the interregional temporal correlation of the blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal recorded at rest by functional MRI (functional connectivity-by-MRI, fcMRI, or BOLD connectivity). This signal is intrinsic and coherent within a number of distributed networks whose topography closely resembles that of functional networks recruited during tasks. While it is apparent that fcMRI networks reflect anatomical connectivity, it is less clear whether they have any dynamic functional importance. Here, we demonstrate that visual perceptual learning, an example of adult neural plasticity, modifies the resting covariance structure of spontaneous activity between networks engaged by the task. Specifically, after intense training on a shape-identification task constrained to one visual quadrant, resting BOLD functional connectivity and directed mutual interaction between trained visual cortex and frontalparietal areas involved in the control of spatial attention were significantly modified. Critically, these changes correlated with the degree of perceptual learning. We conclude that functional connectivity serves a dynamic role in brain function, supporting the consolidation of previous experience.