Complex genetic architecture of population differences in adult lifespan of a beetle: nonadditive inheritance, gender differences, body size and a large maternal effect
Complex genetic architecture of population differences in adult lifespan of a beetle: nonadditive inheritance, gender differences, body size and a large maternal effect
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00752.x
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Wallin, WG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fox, CW;Czesak, ME;Wallin, WG
当存在大量的非加性时，进化对选择的反应可能会很复杂，这限制了我们从简单的选择模型推断种群分化和物种形成的能力。对黑腹果蝇的研究表明，寿命和衰老速度受到许多具有环境和性别特异性效应的基因的影响。这些研究还表明，等位基因（显性）和基因座（上位）之间的相互作用是常见的，但相互作用的程度在性别和环境之间有所不同。然而，对于除黑腹菌外的其他生物的寿命和死亡率的遗传结构知之甚少。我们研究了南印度和布基纳法索两个种甲虫种群Callosobruchus maculatus寿命和死亡曲线形状差异的遗传结构。这两个种群在各种特征（如体型和成年寿命）上存在差异，这些特征可能是通过宿主特异性选择进化而来的。我们发现种群之间寿命差异的遗传结构在雄性和雌性之间存在很大差异；母体对雄性寿命有很大的影响（但对雌性寿命没有影响），而长寿命等位基因在雌性（但对雄性没有影响）中占有显著优势。雌性对雄性的巨大影响是基于遗传的（没有显著的细胞质影响），可能是由于影响后代寿命的雌性效应基因的种群差异。饲养寄主不影响种群寿命遗传结构，y染色体上的基因不影响种群寿命差异。基因座之间的上位性相互作用在雄性和雌性的死亡率中都可以检测到，但只有在控制了株系之间的体型差异后，才能在寿命中检测到。上位性、显性性和性别特异性遗传效应对斑马鱼寿命的影响与杂交和数量性状位点研究结果一致。
Evolutionary responses to selection can be complicated when there is substantial nonadditivity, which limits our ability to extrapolate from simple models of selection to population differentiation and speciation. Studies of Drosophila melanogaster indicate that lifespan and the rate of senescence are influenced by many genes that have environment- and sex-specific effects. These studies also demonstrate that interactions among alleles (dominance) and loci (epistasis) are common, with the degree of interaction differing between the sexes and among environments. However, little is known about the genetic architecture of lifespan or mortality rates for organisms other than D. melanogaster. We studied genetic architecture of differences in lifespan and shapes of mortality curves between two populations of the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (South India and Burkina Faso populations). These two populations differ in various traits (such as body size and adult lifespan) that have likely evolved via host-specific selection. We found that the genetic architecture of lifespan differences between populations differs substantially between males and females; there was a large maternal effect on male lifespan (but not on female lifespan), and substantial dominance of long-life alleles in females (but not males). The large maternal effect in males was genetically based (there was no significant cytoplasmic effect) likely due to population differences in maternal effects genes that influence lifespan of progeny. Rearing host did not affect the genetic architecture of lifespan, and there was no evidence that genes on the Y-chromosome influence the population differences in lifespan. Epistatic interactions among loci were detectable for the mortality rate of both males and females, but were detectable for lifespan only after controlling for body size variation among lines. The detection of epistasis, dominance, and sex-specific genetic effects on C. maculatus lifespan is consistent with results from line cross and quantitative trait locus studies of D. melanogaster.