The geography of recent genetic ancestry across Europe.
The geography of recent genetic ancestry across Europe.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1001555
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Coop G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ralph P;Coop G
对近期家谱相关性的基因组调查揭示了欧洲过去 3000 年历史中密切的血缘关系和事件的影响。近代人类谱系历史是由个体迁徙、大规模人口流动和其他人口事件形成的复杂马赛克。群体基因组学数据集可以为了解这段最近的历史提供一个窗口，因为由于共享基因组材料的长片段，可以检测到最近共享遗传祖先的罕见痕迹。我们利用 2,257 名欧洲人的基因组数据（在人口参考样本 [POPRES] 数据集中）对过去 3,000 年来在大陆范围内的近期家谱祖先进行了首次调查之一。我们检测到 190 万个共享的长基因组片段，并利用这些片段的长度来推断共享祖先在时间和地理上的分布。我们发现，生活在邻近人群中的一对现代欧洲人在过去 1,500 年中拥有大约 2-12 个遗传共同祖先，在过去 1,000 年中拥有超过 100 个遗传祖先。随着地理距离的增加，这些数字呈指数级下降，但由于这些遗传祖先只是共同谱系祖先的一小部分，因此预计来自欧洲两端的个体在过去 1000 年中仍然拥有数百万共同谱系祖先。共享遗传祖先的数量也存在很大的地区差异。例如，许多东部人口之间有特别大量的共同祖先，这些祖先大致可以追溯到迁徙时期（包括斯拉夫和匈奴向该地区的扩张）。一些最低水平的共同祖先出现在意大利和伊比利亚半岛，这可能表明这些地区历史人口扩张和/或更稳定的人口结构产生了不同的影响。人口基因组数据集具有揭示近期人口历史的巨大能力，并将使人们能够更全面地了解世界各地个人的密切家谱血缘关系。我们中很少有人比几代人更了解我们的家族史。因此，我们很容易忽视这样一个事实：我们都是远房表亲，通过庞大的关系网络相互联系。在这里，我们使用欧洲个体的全基因组数据来研究过去 3000 年的这些关系，通过寻找成对个体之间通过共同遗传祖先的遗传而共享的长基因组片段。我们对这种普遍存在的近期共同祖先进行了量化，例如，即使是来自欧洲两端的一对个体，在这段时间内也拥有数百个共同的遗传祖先。尽管存在这种程度的共性，但也存在显着的地区差异。例如，东南欧人拥有大量共同祖先，这些祖先大约可以追溯到 1,500 年前斯拉夫和匈奴扩张的时代，而意大利人与其他人群共有的大多数共同祖先生活在 2,500 多年前。对长段共享遗传物质的研究有望揭示有关近期人口历史许多方面的丰富信息。
A genomic survey of recent genealogical relatedness reveals the close ties of kinship and the impact of events across the past 3,000 years of European history. The recent genealogical history of human populations is a complex mosaic formed by individual migration, large-scale population movements, and other demographic events. Population genomics datasets can provide a window into this recent history, as rare traces of recent shared genetic ancestry are detectable due to long segments of shared genomic material. We make use of genomic data for 2,257 Europeans (in the Population Reference Sample [POPRES] dataset) to conduct one of the first surveys of recent genealogical ancestry over the past 3,000 years at a continental scale. We detected 1.9 million shared long genomic segments, and used the lengths of these to infer the distribution of shared ancestors across time and geography. We find that a pair of modern Europeans living in neighboring populations share around 2–12 genetic common ancestors from the last 1,500 years, and upwards of 100 genetic ancestors from the previous 1,000 years. These numbers drop off exponentially with geographic distance, but since these genetic ancestors are a tiny fraction of common genealogical ancestors, individuals from opposite ends of Europe are still expected to share millions of common genealogical ancestors over the last 1,000 years. There is also substantial regional variation in the number of shared genetic ancestors. For example, there are especially high numbers of common ancestors shared between many eastern populations that date roughly to the migration period (which includes the Slavic and Hunnic expansions into that region). Some of the lowest levels of common ancestry are seen in the Italian and Iberian peninsulas, which may indicate different effects of historical population expansions in these areas and/or more stably structured populations. Population genomic datasets have considerable power to uncover recent demographic history, and will allow a much fuller picture of the close genealogical kinship of individuals across the world. Few of us know our family histories more than a few generations back. It is therefore easy to overlook the fact that we are all distant cousins, related to one another via a vast network of relationships. Here we use genome-wide data from European individuals to investigate these relationships over the past 3,000 years, by looking for long stretches of genome that are shared between pairs of individuals through their inheritance from common genetic ancestors. We quantify this ubiquitous recent common ancestry, showing for instance that even pairs of individuals from opposite ends of Europe share hundreds of genetic common ancestors over this time period. Despite this degree of commonality, there are also striking regional differences. Southeastern Europeans, for example, share large numbers of common ancestors that date roughly to the era of the Slavic and Hunnic expansions around 1,500 years ago, while most common ancestors that Italians share with other populations lived longer than 2,500 years ago. The study of long stretches of shared genetic material promises to uncover rich information about many aspects of recent population history.