Occurrence, fate and mass loading of benzodiazepines and their transformation products in eleven wastewater treatment plants in Guangdong province, China
Occurrence, fate and mass loading of benzodiazepines and their transformation products in eleven wastewater treatment plants in Guangdong province, China
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中国广东省 11 个污水处理厂中苯二氮卓类药物及其转化产物的存在、归宿和质量负荷
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142648
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Guang-Guo Ying
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hao-Jun Lei;Bin Yang;Pu Ye;Yuan-Yuan Yang;Jian-Liang Zhao;You-Sheng Liu;Lingtian Xie;Guang-Guo Ying
苯二氮卓类药物是处方最广泛的精神活性药物之一，但其在接受环境中的持久性引起了人们对其潜在生态风险的极大关注。本文对广东省11个污水处理厂中17种BZDs及其3种转化产物的发生、命运和质量负荷进行了调查。污水处理厂进水、出水和剩余污泥中共检测到10个BZDs和1个转化产物，浓度分别高达44.5 ng/L（氯氮平）、27.1 ng/L（恶西泮）和62.9 ng/g（氯氮平）。在这11个污水处理厂中，从负去除到完全去除的总去除效率差异很大。对两种具有代表性的污水处理剂（wwtpa和WWTPB）不同处理工艺的质量平衡分析表明，它们的去除主要归功于污泥吸附和生物降解/生物转化。据估计，广东省检测到的BZDs的总使用量为185 kg/y，而总排放量为143 kg/y。基于污水流行病学方法，估算出广州市某区（污水处理服务区域）污水处理剂及其转化产物总消耗量为1012 mg/d/1000人，总排放量为10.1 mg/d/1000人。本研究结果证明了污水处理厂中BZDs的持久性，为进一步研究该类化学物质的潜在生态风险提供了依据。
Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are one of the most widely prescribed psychoactive drugs, however their persistence in the receiving environment has raised great concerns about their potential ecological risks. Here we investigated the occurrence, fate and mass loading of 17 BZDs and their 3 transformation products in 11 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Guangdong province, China. A total of 10 BZDs and 1 transformation product were found in the WWTPs influents, effluents and excess sludge, with concentrations reaching up to 44.5 ng/L (clozapine), 27.1 ng/L (oxazepam) and 62.9 ng/g (clozapine), respectively. The overall removal efficiency varied widely from negative to complete removal in these 11 WWTPs. Mass balance analysis of two representative WWTPs (WWTPAand WWTPB) with different treatment processes showed that their removals were mainly attributed to the sludge adsorption and biodegradation/biotransformation. The total usage of detected BZDs was estimated to be 185 kg/y in Guangdong province, China, while the total emission was 143 kg/y. Based on sewage epidemiology method, the total back-estimated consumption and emissions of BZDs and their transformation products in one district of Guangzhou (WWTPCservice area) were 1012 mg/d/1000 people and 10.1 mg/d/1000 people, respectively. The findings from this study demonstrate the persistence of BZDs in WWTPs and also provide basis for further investigation into the potential ecological risks from this group of chemicals.