Tetracyclines in Food and Feedingstuffs: From Regulation to Analytical Methods, Bacterial Resistance, and Environmental and Health Implications.
Tetracyclines in Food and Feedingstuffs: From Regulation to Analytical Methods, Bacterial Resistance, and Environmental and Health Implications.
复制标题
食品和喂养中的四环素：从调节到分析方法，细菌抗性以及环境和健康的影响。
DOI：
10.1155/2017/1315497
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Rodríguez C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Granados-Chinchilla F;Rodríguez C
抗生素在畜牧业中被广泛用作生长促进剂;其中，四环素类是相关的化学组，由于它们在农业中的广泛使用，在数量上超过了几乎所有其他抗生素家族。鉴于四环素类抗生素在全球范围内的大量使用，对这些抗生素的监测至关重要。必须在抗生素分析方面取得进展，以评估食品和饲料中四环素的正确使用和剂量以及相关环境样品中可能的残留。四环素类抗生素仍然被认为是临床相关的抗生素，尽管耐受性和耐药性决定因素的传播限制了它们的使用。本次审查侧重于四个不同方面：（i）四环素、用法、剂量以及管理其食品相关应用的监管问题，特别注意美国和欧盟机构近年来在几个国家实施的禁令和限制，（ii）四环素的分析方法，测定，及其在饲料和相关基质中的残留，重点是最相关和最新的技术，包括筛选和确认方法，（iii）饲料中的四环素抗性和四环素抗性细菌，以及（iv）在动物营养中使用四环素类药物所带来的环境和健康风险。在最后两种情况下，我们讨论了四环素类药物对细菌群落和非目标物种产生的更相关的不良影响，包括对农民的不良影响。
Antibiotics are widely used as growth promoters in animal husbandry; among them, the tetracyclines are a chemical group of relevance, due to their wide use in agriculture, surpassing in quantities applied almost every other antibiotic family. Seeing the considerable amounts of tetracyclines used worldwide, monitoring of these antibiotics is paramount. Advances must be made in the analysis of antibiotics to assess correct usage and dosage of tetracyclines in food and feedstuffs and possible residues in pertinent environmental samples. The tetracyclines are still considered a clinically relevant group of antibiotics, though dissemination of tolerance and resistance determinants have limited their use. This review focuses on four different aspects: (i) tetracyclines, usage, dosages, and regulatory issues that govern their food-related application, with particular attention to the prohibitions and restrictions that several countries have enforced in recent years by agencies from both the United States and the European Union, (ii) analytical methods for tetracyclines, determination, and residues thereof in feedstuffs and related matrices with an emphasis on the most relevant and novel techniques, including both screening and confirmatory methods, (iii) tetracycline resistance and tetracycline-resistant bacteria in feedstuff, and (iv) environmental and health risks accompanying the use of tetracyclines in animal nutrition. In the last two cases, we discuss the more relevant undesirable effects that tetracyclines exert over bacterial communities and nontarget species including unwanted effects in farmers.