Analysis of matched case-control studies.
Analysis of matched case-control studies.
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DOI：
10.1136/bmj.i969
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发表时间：
2016-02-25
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通讯作者：
Pearce N
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作者：
Pearce N
关于病例对照研究有两个常见的误解：匹配本身消除了（对照）由匹配因素造成的混淆，如果匹配已经进行，则需要进行“匹配分析”。然而，病例对照研究中的匹配并不能控制匹配因素的混杂;事实上，即使在源人群中不存在匹配因素，它也会引入匹配因素的混杂。因此，匹配的设计可能需要在分析中控制匹配因子。然而，匹配的设计并不需要匹配的分析。如果不存在稀疏数据的问题，则可以使用“标准”（无条件）分析来获得匹配因子的控制，而不会损失有效性并可能增加精度，并且可能不需要或不适合“匹配”（条件）分析。
There are two common misconceptions about case-control studies: that matching in itself eliminates (controls) confounding by the matching factors, and that if matching has been performed, then a “matched analysis” is required. However, matching in a case-control study does not control for confounding by the matching factors; in fact it can introduce confounding by the matching factors even when it did not exist in the source population. Thus, a matched design may require controlling for the matching factors in the analysis. However, it is not the case that a matched design requires a matched analysis. Provided that there are no problems of sparse data, control for the matching factors can be obtained, with no loss of validity and a possible increase in precision, using a “standard” (unconditional) analysis, and a “matched” (conditional) analysis may not be required or appropriate.