Charges of human immunodeficiency virus discrimination in the workplace: the Americans with Disabilities Act in action.
Charges of human immunodeficiency virus discrimination in the workplace: the Americans with Disabilities Act in action.
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对工作场所人体免疫缺陷病毒歧视的指控：《美国残疾人法案》的实施。
DOI：
10.1093/aje/kwf032
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Studdert,DavidM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Studdert,DavidM
国会颁布了《美国残疾人法》，为艾滋病毒感染者和其他弱势群体提供了针对歧视的法律的补救手段，但实际上对预期受益人如何利用这些保护一无所知。本研究的目的是描述ADA指控的流行病学与就业有关的歧视，由于艾滋病毒和调查的指控与艾滋病毒工作者的行为。作者利用自1991年ADA成立以来提出的所有艾滋病毒歧视指控的国家数据库，描述了被告雇主，争议问题和指控结果。接下来，他使用多变量回归分析来比较起诉者的社会人口特征与全国代表性的艾滋病毒感染者基线样本的社会人口特征。在1999年提出的3 520项艾滋病毒歧视指控中，18.0%有法律依据，14.1%得到了金钱赔偿。女性（OR = 0.79，p < 0.01）、25岁以下（OR = 0.36，p < 0.01）和25-34岁（OR = 0.77，p < 0.01）的工人提出的指控不成比例地少。对基准人口中潜在歧视率的控制放大了年轻工人中的这种“低估”。调查结果应有助于有针对性的宣传和支持活动，旨在帮助工人利用反歧视保护，在工人的亚群谁最需要他们。
Congress enacted the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) to provide persons living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other vulnerable populations with legal means of redress against discrimination, yet virtually nothing is known about how the intended beneficiaries have used these protections. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of ADA charges alleging employment-related discrimination due to HIV and to investigate the charge-filing behavior of workers with HIV. Using a national database of all HIV discrimination charges filed since the inception of the ADA in 1991, the author described respondent employers, issues in dispute, and outcomes of charges. Next, he used multivariate regression analyses to compare the sociodemographic characteristics of charge filers with those of a nationally representative baseline sample of workers with HIV. Of the 3,520 HIV discrimination charges filed through 1999, 18.0% had merit and 14.1% received monetary compensation. Workers who were female (odds ratio (OR) = 0.79,p< 0.01), aged less than 25 years (OR = 0.36,p< 0.01), and aged 25–34 years (OR = 0.77,p< 0.01) filed disproportionately fewer charges. Controlling for underlying rates of discrimination in the baseline population magnified this “underclaiming” among young workers. The findings should help to target dissemination and support activities, designed to help workers take advantage of antidiscrimination protections, at the subgroups of workers who need them most.Am J Epidemiol2002;156:219–29.