Rotations and mixtures of soil-applied herbicides delay resistance
Rotations and mixtures of soil-applied herbicides delay resistance
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DOI：
10.1002/ps.5534
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发表时间：
2019-07-27
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Renton, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Busi, Roberto;Powles, Stephen B.;Renton, Michael
在过去二十年中，杂草对叶面除草剂的抗性在世界范围内显著增加。因此，目前杂草管理的做法已经改变，越来越多地采用土壤施用除草剂来恢复对除草剂抗性杂草的控制。我们预见，随着新的和旧的土壤施用的除草剂的增加和广泛采用，对土壤施用的除草剂的代谢抗性和交叉抗性将成为一个潜在的全球性后果。因此，本研究的目的是使用计算机模拟模型来量化和排名的风险杂草演变耐土壤施用除草剂下不同的使用策略（单一除草剂的使用，轮换和混合物）和人口遗传假设。结果模拟表明，没有轮换，它需要两倍的时间来选择一个特定的土壤应用除草剂-氟乐灵-比任何其他除草剂的选择考虑。相对于仅使用氟乐灵，简单的除草剂轮换模式在延迟抗性方面没有效果，而更复杂的轮换模式可以延迟抗性两到三倍。与单次使用或简单的除草剂轮换相比，除草剂混合物进一步延迟抗性高达六倍。结论通过计算机模拟，我们证明了混合物最大限度地提高除草剂的有效性和土壤施用除草剂的选择异质性，并延迟杂草植物的除草剂抗性进化。我们的研究与以前最先进的科学证据（即不同系统和害虫的流行病学和建模研究）和扩展工作（即“轮换除草剂混合物”）一致，以提供管理杂草抗性选择和进化的见解。(c)2019化学工业协会
BACKGROUND Weed resistance to foliar herbicides has dramatically increased worldwide in the last two decades. As a consequence, current practices of weed management have changed, with an increased adoption of soil-applied herbicides to restore control of herbicide-resistant weeds. We foresee metabolism-based resistance and cross-resistance to soil-applied herbicides as a potential global consequence to the increased and widespread adoption of new and old soil-applied herbicides. Thus, the aim of this study is to use computer simulation modelling to quantify and rank the risk of weeds evolving resistance to soil-applied herbicides under different usage strategies (single herbicide use, rotations and mixtures) and population genetic hypotheses. RESULTS Simulations indicate that without rotation it takes twice as long to select for resistance to a particular soil-applied herbicide - trifluralin - than to any other herbicide option considered. Relative to trifluralin-only use, simple herbicide rotation patterns have no effect in delaying resistance, whereas more complex rotation patterns can delay resistance two- or three-fold. Herbicide mixtures further delay resistance up to six-fold in comparison to single use or simple herbicide rotations. CONCLUSION By computer modelling simulations we demonstrate that mixtures maximize herbicide effectiveness and the selection heterogeneity of soil-applied herbicides, and delay herbicide resistance evolution in weedy plants. Our study is consistent with previous state-of-art scientific evidence (i.e. epidemiological and modelling studies across different systems and pests) and extension efforts (i.e. 'rotate herbicide mixtures') to provide insight to manage the selection and evolution of weed resistance. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical Industry