Impacts of Criminalization on the Everyday Lives of People Living with HIV in Canada
Impacts of Criminalization on the Everyday Lives of People Living with HIV in Canada
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DOI：
10.1007/s13178-013-0131-8
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
English, Ken
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Adam, Barry D.;Elliott, Richard;English, Ken
在过去十年中，随着加拿大媒体对这一问题的高度关注，沿着越来越多的人因不披露艾滋病毒状况而被起诉。对122名艾滋病毒感染者进行了访谈，了解刑事定罪对其个人安全感及其恋爱关系和性关系的影响。大多数答复者认为，刑事定罪不公平地转移了举证责任，使他们：现在陷入了一个困难的他说/（s）他说的情况下，必须证明他们的行动，不满的伴侣现在有了法律的武器来对付他们，不管事实如何，现在的责任福尔斯在了女性身上，她们的男性伴侣可以无视她们的愿望，安全性行为就一般影响而言，许多答复者报告说：不确定感、恐惧感或脆弱感加剧，但其他人认为，接受的气氛仍然比流行病初期好，或者认为起诉引人注目的案件是有道理的。法院系统越来越注重惩罚不披露行为，这产生了适得其反或意想不到的后果，可能与劝阻可能传播艾滋病毒的行为的表面目标背道而驰。
Over the last decade, there have been a rising number of prosecutions for nondisclosure of HIV status along with heightened media attention to the issue in Canada. One hundred twenty-two people living with HIV were interviewed concerning the effects of criminalization on their sense of personal security and their romantic and sexual relationships. The largest number of respondents believe that criminalization has unfairly shifted the burden of proof so that they: are held to be guilty until proven innocent; are now caught in a difficult he-said/(s)he-said situation of having to justify their actions, disgruntled partners now have a legal weapon to wield against them regardless of the facts and the onus now falls on women whose male partners could ignore their wishes regarding safer sex. In terms of general impact, many respondents report: a heightened sense of uncertainty, fear or vulnerability, but others feel that the climate of acceptance is still better than in the early days of the epidemic or that the prosecution of the high profile cases is justified. The increasing focus of the court system on penalizing non-disclosure is having counter-productive or unanticipated consequences that can run contrary to the ostensible objective of discouraging behaviour likely to transmit HIV.