Lithuanian esą — a heterosemic reportive marker in its contemporary stage
Lithuanian esą — a heterosemic reportive marker in its contemporary stage
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立陶宛语 esą — 当代阶段的异性报道标记
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Wiemer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Wiemer
从句法的角度来看，esą 是所有立陶宛语证据标记中最多样化的，因为它不仅涵盖常规范例中的用法，而且还用作功能词。这个阶段可以用异质性的概念来描述。从历时角度来看，esą 源自 būti ‘to be’ 的现在主动分词的前中性词，与同一分词的常规 nom.pl.m 形式同音。在当代立陶宛语中，esą也成为一个未变形的功能词，用作某些动词组后的助词和补语。今天，它作为分词和虚词并存。本文对这个单元的句法分布进行了基于语料库的调查，巧妙地区分了它的语法和词汇状态，并询问了哪些用法类型以及为什么会出现报告意义。然后，该研究重点关注 esą 句法状态不明确的常见情况，同时也考虑到可能的话语语用线索。文章的第二部分首先论证了将 esą 的虚词用法视为词汇化的结果。该研究的其余部分致力于在更广泛的地区（基本上是东欧）背景下将 esą 与功能等效的证据单位进行比较。这种比较揭示了词汇化报告标记的词源学、进化以及当代句法和语义功能范围的差异和相似之处。
From the syntactic point of view, esą is the most diversified Lithuanian evidential marker of all as it covers uses not only in regular paradigms, but also as a function word. this stage can be captured by the notion of heterosemy. Diachronically esą derives from the former neuter of the present active participle of būti ‘to be’, which is homonymous with the regular nom.pl.m form of the same participle. in contemporary lithuanian, esą has also become an uninflected function word used as a particle and a complementizer after certain groups of verbs. today its uses as a participle and as a function word coexist. this article provides a corpus-based investigation into the syntactic distribution of this unit, which neatly distinguishes its grammatical und lexical status and asks in which usage types and why a reportive meaning arises. the study then focuses on frequent cases in which the syntactic status of esą is ambiguous, also taking into account possible discourse pragmatic cues. the second part of the article starts with an argument for considering the function word uses of esą as results of lexicalization. the rest of the study is devoted to a comparison of esą with functionally equivalent evidential units on a broader areal (basically Eastern European) background. this comparison sheds light on differences and similarities in the etymology, evolution and contemporary syntactic and semantic range of functions of lexicalized reportive markers.