Australian venomous jellyfish, envenomation syndromes, toxins and therapy
Australian venomous jellyfish, envenomation syndromes, toxins and therapy
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DOI：
10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.07.020
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Tibballs, James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tibballs, James
澳大利亚周围的海洋里有许多有毒的水母。箱形水母Chironex fleckeri是最致命的导致快速心肺抑制的水母，尽管它的毒液已经被鉴定，但它的毒素仍有待鉴定。一种中等有效的抗蛇毒血清存在，这也是部分有效的另一个chirodropid，Chiropsalmus sp.许多carybdeids，一些身份不明，造成不太严重的疾病，包括Carybdea rastoni的毒素CrTX-A和CrTX-B是大蛋白质。Carukia barnesi，另一种小carybdeid是“Irukandji”综合征的原因之一，包括严重肌肉痉挛，呕吐，焦虑，不安，出汗和虚脱引起的延迟性疼痛，偶尔还有严重的高血压和急性心力衰竭。该综合征部分是由于释放的儿茶酚胺，但心力衰竭的原因是不确定的。毒液含有钠离子通道调节剂。目前有两种酸浆属植物，尽管其中一种可能致命，但在澳大利亚沃茨还没有造成死亡。其他重要的水母属包括Tamoya，Pelagia，Cyanea，奥雷利亚和Chyrosaora。(c)2006爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
The seas and oceans around Australia harbour numerous venomous jellyfish. Chironex fleckeri, the box jellyfish, is the most lethal causing rapid cardiorespiratory depression and although its venom has been characterised, its toxins remain to be identified. A moderately effective antivenom exists which is also partially effective against another chirodropid, Chiropsalmus sp. Numerous carybdeids, some unidentified, cause less severe illness, including Carybdea rastoni whose toxins CrTX-A and CrTX-B are large proteins. Carukia barnesi, another small carybdeid is one cause of the 'Irukandji' syndrome which includes delayed pain from severe muscle cramping, vomiting, anxiety, restlessness, sweating and prostration, and occasionally severe hypertension and acute cardiac failure. The syndrome is in part caused by release of catecholamines but the cause of heart failure is undefined. The venom contains a sodium channel modulator. Two species of Physalia are present and although one is potentially lethal, has not caused death in Australian waters. Other significant genera of jellyfish include Tamoya, Pelagia, Cyanea, Aurelia and Chyrosaora. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.