Top-Down Estimation of Particulate Matter Emissions from Extreme Tropical Peatland Fires Using Geostationary Satellite Fire Radiative Power Observations.
Top-Down Estimation of Particulate Matter Emissions from Extreme Tropical Peatland Fires Using Geostationary Satellite Fire Radiative Power Observations.
复制标题
使用地球同步卫星火灾辐射功率观测对极端热带泥炭地火灾颗粒物排放的自上而下的估计。
DOI：
10.3390/s20247075
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发表时间：
2020-12-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lestari P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fisher D;Wooster MJ;Xu W;Thomas G;Lestari P
东南亚泥炭地的极端火灾可以说是世界上最大的生物质燃烧事件，导致有史以来最严重的环境空气污染（PM10 > 3000 µg·m−3）。这些火灾中最严重的一次与厄尔尼诺相关的干旱相吻合，包括可能持续数月的大面积闷烧燃烧。然而，燃烧的表面植被燃烧泥炭顶部的区域也被看到，我们发现，这些后者的火灾中最大的似乎是最辐射和强烈的烟雾排放的燃烧区域存在于这种极端的火灾事件。火灾排放清单和景观火灾对空气质量影响的预警越来越多地基于火灾辐射功率（FRP）方法来估计火灾排放，包括东南亚泥炭地火灾。“自上而下”的方法使用所谓的“烟雾排放系数”[Ce; g·MJ−1]直接从FRP观测中估计总颗粒物排放量，但目前在这种计算中没有区分火灾类型。我们发现，对于2015年厄尔尼诺期间看到的一些热辐射最强的泥炭地火灾的子集，最合适的Ce是目前假设的三分之一左右（~16.8 ± 1.6 g·MJ−1 vs. 52.4 g·MJ−1）。分析表明，这种差异源于这些高辐射火灾含有大量的火焰燃烧，这改变了每单位可观察到的火灾辐射热释放的颗粒物排放量相比，更多的阴燃为主的事件。我们还表明，即使是这些辐射最强的火灾中的一个，也占2015年火灾事件中释放的总颗粒物的近10%，突出了这种火灾类型对总排放量的重要性。区分这些不同的火灾类型，在这里展示的方式，因此，最终应提高东南亚火灾排放量估计使用FRP方法，以及他们支持的空气质量建模的准确性。
Extreme fires in the peatlands of South East (SE) Asia are arguably the world’s greatest biomass burning events, resulting in some of the worst ambient air pollution ever recorded (PM10 > 3000 µg·m−3). The worst of these fires coincide with El Niño related droughts, and include huge areas of smouldering combustion that can persist for months. However, areas of flaming surface vegetation combustion atop peat are also seen, and we show that the largest of these latter fires appear to be the most radiant and intensely smoke-emitting areas of combustion present in such extreme fire episodes. Fire emissions inventories and early warning of the air quality impacts of landscape fire are increasingly based on the fire radiative power (FRP) approach to fire emissions estimation, including for these SE Asia peatland fires. “Top-down” methods estimate total particulate matter emissions directly from FRP observations using so-called “smoke emission coefficients” [Ce; g·MJ−1], but currently no discrimination is made between fire types during such calculations. We show that for a subset of some of the most thermally radiant peatland fires seen during the 2015 El Niño, the most appropriate Ce is around a factor of three lower than currently assumed (~16.8 ± 1.6 g·MJ−1 vs. 52.4 g·MJ−1). Analysis indicates that this difference stems from these highly radiant fires containing areas of substantial flaming combustion, which changes the amount of particulate matter emitted per unit of observable fire radiative heat release in comparison to more smouldering dominated events. We also show that even a single one of these most radiant fires is responsible for almost 10% of the overall particulate matter released during the 2015 fire event, highlighting the importance of this fire type to overall emission totals. Discriminating these different fires types in ways demonstrated herein should thus ultimately improve the accuracy of SE Asian fire emissions estimates derived using the FRP approach, and the air quality modelling which they support.
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由于赤道亚洲2015年大火而导致的危险空气质量的人口暴露。
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Crippa P;Castruccio S;Archer-Nicholls S;Lebron GB;Kuwata M;Thota A;Sumin S;Butt E;Wiedinmyer C;Spracklen DV
通讯作者：
Spracklen DV
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Gaveau DL;Salim MA;Hergoualc'h K;Locatelli B;Sloan S;Wooster M;Marlier ME;Molidena E;Yaen H;DeFries R;Verchot L;Murdiyarso D;Nasi R;Holmgren P;Sheil D
通讯作者：
Sheil D
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Aouizerats, B.;van der Werf, G. R.;Betha, R.
通讯作者：
Betha, R.
影响因子：
5
作者：
Atwood, Samuel A.;Reid, Jeffrey S.;Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar
通讯作者：
Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Gonzalez-Alonso, Laura;Martin, Maria Val;Kahn, Ralph A.
通讯作者：
Kahn, Ralph A.